48. What happens to those southern countries in Europe
(A)
They are under water now. 
(B) They have lower air temperatures. 
(C) They are becoming drier and more desert-like. 
(D) They have experienced terrible floods.

The evidence is clear. Wherever there is permanent ice – Greenland, Antarctica, the Alps, the Himalayas –that ice is melting. Anybody who has been to high mountains will have noticed this fact. Scientists agree that the cause for this melting is very simple. The earth’s atmosphere is warming up. The melting ice, in turn, is causing sea levels to rise as the extra water from the melting ice pours into the oceans. Already, sea levels have risen about 8 inches (20 cm) in recent years, and scientists believe they could rise at least another 20 inches (50 cm) by the year 2100. This could put many heavily populated coastal areas at risk. Coastal Florida, the Nile Delta, Bangladesh, and many other areas would end up under water. Along with rising air temperatures, the ocean temperatures are also rising. This has brought changes in weather patterns, with more frequent and more severe storms. Rising ocean temperatures are also one of the factors in the death of coral reefs in the southern oceans. These reefs are the natural homes to 65 percent of the world’s fish. When the reefs die, so do the fish. The warmer air temperatures are also causing changes in the world’s climate zones. In Europe, the southern countries along the Mediterranean are already becoming drier and more desert-like. On the other hand, countries in northern Europe, such as Germany and England, have experienced terrible floods from too much rain. Worldwide, agriculture will soon be negatively affected in many places. Life will become more difficult in the poorer countries of Asia and Africa, which already suffer from poor soil and lack of water. Millions of people could be forced to leave their homes and countries in search of food and a better life.