12.
(A) concede
(B) subsidize
(C) minimize
(D) retreat

8. All students _______ the university’s required English ability test by the time they _______. (A) will pass, would have graduated (B) will have passed, graduate (C) will have passed, graduated (D) will pass, had graduated

9. _______ yesterday that we learned about the change in the plan. So we have to make a new plan now. (A) Not until (B) Until it was (C) It was until (D) It was not until

10. The grand opening of the Italian restaurant, _______ chef previously worked in a Michelin one-star restaurant, attracts many celebrities. (A) its (B) which (C) whose (D) that

11. (A) ridiculing (B) replacing (C) competing (D) inserting

13. (A) despite (B) rather than (C) whereas (D) instead

14. (A) hostile (B) repulsive (C) potential (D) stagnant

15. (A) symbol (B) stain (C) slaughter (D) smirk

16. Which of the following is the best title for the above passage? (A) Testing for Group Problem Solving Competence (B) Testing for New Technology Subjects (C) PISA Heading toward New Digital Testing (D) PISA’s Academic Subject Tests

17. According to the passage, why did PISA introduce the new type of test? (A) To compare testing abilities of young people in different countries. (B) To help education policy makers develop better testing systems for their students. (C) To determine the level of international competitiveness and use it as a reference for global investment. (D) To make sure younger generations can be prepared with the ability needed in the global economy.

18. The phrase “ferret out” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to ________. (A) forfeit (B) override (C) discover (D) conceal