15. The word "spanning" in line 18 is closest in meaning to
(A) covering
(B) selecting
(C) developing
(D) explaining

11. The word "merely" in fine 3 is closest in meaning to (A) often (B) only (C) usually (D) at first

12. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage about plovers? (A) Their eggs and chicks are difficult to find. (B) They are generally defenseless when away From their nests. (C) They are slow to react in dangerous situations. (D) Their nests are on the surface of the ground.

13. The word "emitting" in line 9 is closest in meaning to (A) bringing (B) attracting (C) producing (D) minimizing

14. In the deception technique described in paragraph 2. the plover tries to (A) stay close to her nest (B) attract the predator's attention (C) warn other plovers of danger (D) frighten the approaching predator

16. According to paragraph 4, which of the following aspects of the plover's behavior gives the appearance that it is frightened? (A) Abnormal body position (B) Irregular escape route (C) Unnatural wing movement (D) Unusual amount of time away from the nest

17. The word "pursue" in line 24 is closest in meaning to (A) catch (B) notice (C) defend (D) chase

18. According to the passage, a female plover utilizes all of the following deception techniques EXCEPT (A) appearing to be injured (B) sounding like another animal (C) pretending to search for prey (D) pretending to sit on her eggs

19. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage? (A) A description of the sequence of steps involved in plovers nest building (B) A generalization about plover behavior followed by specific examples (C) A comparison and contrast of the nesting behavior of plovers and other ground nesting birds (D) A cause-and-efleet analysis of the relationship between a prey and a predator

20. What is the author's main purpose in the passage? (A) To show how technology influenced basic science (B) To describe the scientific base of nineteenth-century American industries (C) To correct misunderstandings about the connections between science, technology, and industry (D) To argue that basic science has no practical application

21. The word "altogether" in line 2 is closest in meaning to (A) completely (B) realistically (C) individually (D) understandably