20
(A)abnormal
(B)inadequate
(C)irreversible
(D)untraceable

The concept(原則) of money laundering(洗滌) regulations(管控、規則) goes back to ancient times and is intertwined(纏結、緊密關聯) with the development of money and banking. Money laundering is first seen with individuals hiding wealth(財富) from the government to avoid taxation(稅收制度) or confiscation(沒收) or a combination of both. Nowadays it has evolved(逐步發展) into a complex and highly technical process of transforming profits from illegal activities into seemingly “legitimate” assets(優點) without raising the suspicion(懷疑) of law enforcement(強制執行) agencies. After money has been suitably(適當地) laundered or “cleaned,” it can be used in the mainstream(主流的) economy for accumulation(累積) of wealth, such as acquisitions(獲得) of properties, or otherwise spent. Many governments around the world have become increasingly vigilant(警惕) in their efforts to combat money laundering by passing anti-money-laundering regulations. These regulations require financial institutions(機構、團體) to have systems in place to detect(發覺、察覺) and report suspected(懷疑) money-laundering activities. Accordingly(因此), law enforcement(管轄區) agencies of many jurisdictions(司法權/司法機關) have set up sophisticated(精於事故的、老練的) systems in an effort to detect suspicious transactions or activities, and many have set up international cooperative arrangements to assist each other in these endeavors(努力) . However, the use of the Internet allows money launderers to easily skirt(v.)繞過detection. The rise of online banking institutions, anonymous(匿名的) online payment services, peer-to-peer(點對點) transfers using mobile phones, and the use of virtual(幾乎..的、實質上的) currencies(貨幣、外幣) such as Bitcoin have made detecting the illegal transfer of money even more difficult. Money can also be laundered through online auctions and sales, gambling websites, and even virtual gaming sites, where ill-gotten money is converted(改變、轉變) into gaming currency, then transferred back into real, usable, and untraceable(無法追蹤)“clean” money. As money launderers attempt to keep one step ahead of law enforcement, international organizations and governments are continuing their team effort to find new ways to detect them.