23. The "list" mentioned in line 13 refers to
(A) types of scientific knowledge
(B) changes brought by technology
(C) industries that used scientific techniques
(D) applications of engineering science

19. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage? (A) A description of the sequence of steps involved in plovers nest building (B) A generalization about plover behavior followed by specific examples (C) A comparison and contrast of the nesting behavior of plovers and other ground nesting birds (D) A cause-and-efleet analysis of the relationship between a prey and a predator

20. What is the author's main purpose in the passage? (A) To show how technology influenced basic science (B) To describe the scientific base of nineteenth-century American industries (C) To correct misunderstandings about the connections between science, technology, and industry (D) To argue that basic science has no practical application

21. The word "altogether" in line 2 is closest in meaning to (A) completely (B) realistically (C) individually (D) understandably

22. The word "intensive" in line 5 is closest in meaning to (A) decreased (B) concentrated (C) creative (D) advanced

24. The understanding of research and development in the late nineteenth century is based on which of the following? (A) Engineering science is not very important. (B) Fundamental science naturally leads to economic benefits. (C) The relationship between research and development should be criticized. (D) Industrial needs should determine what areas fundamental science focuses on.

25. The word "it" in line 16 refers to (A) understanding (B) public awareness (C) scientific knowledge (D) expansion

26. The word "assumption" in line 19 is closest in meaning to (A) regulation (B) belief (C) contract (D) confusion

27. Why does the author mention "consultants" in line 24 ? (A) To show how new areas of science have given rise to new professions (B) To distinguish between scientists who work in industry and those who do not (C) To explain the ways in which scientists find financial support for their work (D) To show how scientists who work in basic research contribute to applied science

28. Which of the following statements does the passage support? (A) The development of science and of industry is now interdependent. (B) Basic scientific research cannot generate practical applications. (C) Industries should spend less money on research and development. (D) Science and technology are becoming more separate.

29. Which aspect of late-nineteenth-century United States literature does the passage mainly discuss? (A) The influence of science on literature (B) The importance of dialects for realist writers (C) The emergence of realism and naturalism (D) The effects of industrialization on romanticism