31. The word "outbreak" in line 6 is closest in meaning to (A) cause (B) beginning (C) position (D) explanation

27. All of the following were the direct result of public utility reforms EXCEPT (A) local governments determined the rates charged by private utility companies (B) some utility companies were owned and operated by local governments (C) the availability of services was regulated by local government (D) private utility companies were required to pay a fee to local governments