31. What is the main focus of the passage?
(A) The ethical issues behind anatomical illustration.
(B) The artistic techniques used in anatomy books.
(C) Advances in medical education.
(D) The decline of capital punishment.
(E) The history of museums in the UK.
統計: A(3), B(0), C(0), D(0), E(0) #3853661
詳解 (共 1 筆)
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For centuries, real human bodies have played a crucial role in the development of both anatomical science and visual art. 幾個世紀以來,真實的人體在解剖科學和視覺藝術的發展中都扮演了至關重要的角色。
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重要文法: have played a crucial role in (在...扮演關鍵角色)。
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重要單字:
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Anatomical (adj.):解剖的。
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Crucial (adj.):至關重要的。
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From Renaissance engravings to 19th-century medical atlases, artists and surgeons relied on cadavers to produce detailed images of the human body. 從文藝復興時期的版畫到 19 世紀的醫學圖譜,藝術家和外科醫生都依賴屍體來製作人體的詳細圖像。
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重要文法: From A to B (從 A 到 B);rely on (依賴)。
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重要單字:
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Engraving (n.):版畫、雕刻。
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Atlas (n.):地圖集、圖譜。
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Cadaver (n.):屍體(通常指供解剖用的)。
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Yet behind these precise and often beautiful illustrations lie unsettling histories of exploitation and unequal power. 然而,在這些精確且通常很美麗的插圖背後,隱藏著令人不安的剝削和不平等權力的歷史。
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重要文法: 倒裝句 Behind... lie unsettling histories(地方副詞放句首,主詞與動詞倒裝)。
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重要單字:
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Precise (adj.):精確的。
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Unsettling (adj.):令人不安的。
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Exploitation (n.):剝削。
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An exhibition titled Beneath the Sheets: Anatomy, Art and Power, held at the Thackray Museum of Medicine in Leeds, examines five centuries of anatomical imagery. 一場名為《床單之下:解剖、藝術與權力》的展覽,在里茲的薩克雷醫學博物館舉行,審視了五個世紀以來的解剖圖像。
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重要文法: titled... 和 held at... 皆為過去分詞片語,修飾前面的 An exhibition。
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重要單字:
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Examine (v.):檢查、審視。
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Imagery (n.):意象、圖像。
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Many of the bodies depicted belonged to executed criminals, the poor, or socially marginalised individuals who had no say in how their bodies were used or displayed. 許多被描繪的遺體屬於被處決的罪犯、窮人或社會邊緣人士,他們對於自己的身體如何被使用或展示完全沒有發言權。
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重要文法: who had no say in... (在某事上沒有發言權/決定權)。
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重要單字:
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Depict (v.):描繪。
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Executed (adj.):被處決的。
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Marginalised (adj.):邊緣化的。
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One famous example appears in Rembrandt’s The Anatomy Lesson of Dr Nicolaes Tulp (1632), which portrays the dissection of an executed man whose crime was stealing a winter coat. 一個著名的例子出現在林布蘭的《尼古拉斯·杜爾博士的解剖課》(1632年)中,該畫作描繪了一名因偷竊一件冬用大衣而被處決的男子的解剖過程。
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重要文法: which 引導的非限定用法關係代名詞,修飾整幅畫作;whose 引導關係子句修飾該名男子。
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重要單字:
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Portray (v.):描繪、呈現。
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Dissection (n.):解剖。
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Anatomical illustrations were essential to medical education. 解剖插圖對醫學教育至關重要。
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重要文法: be essential to (對...是不可或缺的)。
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As 18th-century surgeon John Bell argued, an anatomy book without images was useless. 正如 18 世紀外科醫生約翰·貝爾所主張的,一本沒有圖片的解剖書是毫無用處的。
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However, the exhibition highlights that these lavishly illustrated books were owned by wealthy collectors, far removed socially from the people whose bodies filled their pages. 然而,展覽強調了這些插圖奢華的書籍是由富有的收藏家所擁有,他們在社會地位上與那些遺體出現在書頁中的人相去甚遠。
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重要單字:
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Lavishly (adv.):奢華地、揮霍地。
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Far removed (adj. phrase):相去甚遠、截然不同。
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Advances in printing later made such books even more ornate, turning them into display objects. 印刷技術的進步後來使這類書籍變得更加華麗,將它們變成了陳列品。
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重要文法: V-ing (turning) 作為分詞句構,表示結果。
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重要單字:
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Ornate (adj.):華麗的、裝飾繁複的。
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Access to bodies was a constant problem. 取得遺體一直是一個持續存在的問題。
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As executions declined in the 19th century, a black market emerged. 隨著 19 世紀處決人數的減少,一個黑市出現了。
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Decline (v.):減少、下降。
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Emerge (v.):出現、浮現。
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Bodysnatchers stole corpses from graves and sold them to medical schools, prompting families to take extreme measures to protect the dead. 盜屍者從墳墓中偷走屍體並賣給醫學院,迫使家屬採取極端措施來保護死者。
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重要文法: prompting... 為分詞句構,表示「導致、促使」。
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重要單字:
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Corpse (n.):屍體。
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Prompt (v.):促使、推動。
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The exhibition ultimately asks viewers to reconsider whose bodies shaped medical knowledge — and at what cost. 展覽最終要求觀眾重新思考是誰的身體形塑了醫學知識——以及付出了什麼代價。