39. The word "constituent” in line 23 is closest in meaning to
(A) type
(B) alternative
(C) product
(D) component

35. The word "trapped" in line 12 is closest in meaning to (A) caught (B) transported (C) lacking (D) involved

36. According to the passage, which of the following has resulted from processes involving Earth’s carbon dioxide? (A) A steady increase in the density of Earth’s atmosphere (B) An increased rate at which rock dissolves (C) The accumulation of carbon dioxide in Earth’s rocks (D) The expansion of Earth’s oceans

37. The passage suggests that which of the following helps explain; why Earth has kept most of its water? (A) Earth's surface contains only small amounts of iron. (B) Earth has always been cooler than Venus. (C) Earth now has higher amounts of carbon dioxide than it used to have. (D) Earth's atmosphere has never completely blocked sulfuric acid droplets,

38. Avoiding to the passage, what happened to oxygen on Venus'? (A) Most of it was absorbed into rocks. (B) It was released from water and then combined with other substances. (C) It chemically combined with hydrogen to form atmospheric water, (D) It has been slowly replacing carbon dioxide in Venus' upper atmosphere,

40. What aspect of twentieth-century art in the United States does the passage mainly discuss? (A) The realistic representation of urban life in the years before the First World War (B) he limitations of early twentieth-century academic art (C) The development of realism from the early twentieth century to the Second World War (D) The influence of European art on American an between the First and the Second World Wars

41. The word "bland" in line 7 is closest in meaning to (A) thoughtless (B) regulated (C) false (D) dull

42. According to the passage, all of the following are characters-tics of the Ashcan School EXCEPT – (A) a preference for everyday subjects (B) the representation of agricultural life (C) an untraditional approach to art (D) a tendency to disturb many viewers

43. It can be inferred from the passage that the first modern American revolution in painting (A) was unusual in turning toward realism rather than away from it (B) was a reaction against the literalness of academic art (C) was similar in its realism to artistic revolutions in other parts of the world (D) was strongly influenced by earlier developments away from realism

44. Which of the following developments in [he art world contributed to a renewal of realism in the early twentieth century? (A) The organization of annual juried exhibitions (B) The rejection of academic art by young painters (C) The joining of two important artistic societies (D) The increasing recognition of artists as professionals

45. The phrase "contingent on" in line 13 is closest in meaning to (A) unrelated to (B) separate from (C) expanded on (D)dependent on