45.The passage indicates that instrumental leaders generally focus on
(A) ensuring harmonious relationships
(B) sharing responsibility with group members
(C) identifying new leaders
(D) achieving a goal

41.What does the passage mainly discuss? (A) The problems faced by leaders (B) How leadership differs in small and large groups (C) How social groups determine who will lead them (D) The role of leaders in social groups

42. The passage mentions all of the following ways by which people can become leaders EXCEPT (A) recruitment (B) formal election process (C) specific leadership training (D) traditional cultural patterns

43. In mentioning “natural leaders” in lines 8-9, the author is making the point that (A) few people qualify as “natural leaders” (B) there is no proof that “natural leaders” exist (C) “natural leaders’ are easily accepted by the members of a social group (D) “natural leaders” share a similar set of characterisitics

44.Which of the following statements about leadership can be inferred from paragraph 2? (A) A person who is an effective leader of a particular group may not be an effective leader in another group. (B) Few people succeed in sharing a leadership role with another person. (C) A person can best learn how to be an effective leader by studying research on leadership. (D) Most people desire to be leaders but can produce little evidence of their qualifications.

46.The word “collective” in line 17 is closest in meaning to (A) necessary (B) typical (C) group (D) particular

47.The word “them” in line 19 refers to (A) expressive leaders (B) goals of the group (C) group members (D) tension and conflict

48. A “secondary relationship” mentioned in line 22 between a leader and the members of a group could best be characterized as (A) distant (B) enthusiastic (C) unreliable (D) personal

49.The word “resolve” in line 27 is closest in meaning to (A) avoid repeating (B) talk about (C) avoid thinking about (D) find a solution for

50. Paragraphs 3 and 4 organize the discussion of leadership primarily in term of (A) examples that illustrate a problem (B) cause and effect analysis (C) narration of events (D) comparison and contrast

1.What aspect of the La Brea tar pits does the passage mainly discuss? (A)The amount of asphalt that was mined there (B) The chemical and biological interactions between asphalt and animals (C) The fossil remains that have been found there (D) Scientific methods of determining the age of tar pits