48. A steam of water of densityρ, cross-sectional area A, and speed υ strikes a wall that is perpendicular to the direction of the stream, as shown in the figure below. The water then flows sideways across the wall. The force exerted by the stream on the wall is ______.

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

44. Two stars are separated by an angle of 3 × 10−5 radians. What is the diameter of the smallest telescope that can resolve the two stars using visible light (nm)? (Ignore any effects due to Earth’s atmosphere.) (A) 1 mm (B) 2.5 cm (C) 10 cm (D) 2.5 m (E) 10 m

45. Unpolarized light of intensityI0is incident on a series of three polarizing filters. The axis of the second filter is oriented at 45o to that of the first filter, while the axis of the third filter is oriented at 90o to that of the first filter. What is the intensity of the light transmitted through the third filter? (A) 0 (B) (C) (D) (E)

46. If a gas undergoes a series of pressure (P) and volume (V) changes, as shown below, how much work is done by the gas along the path a→b→c→d→e→f→a? (A) 20 J (B) 30 J (C) 40 J (D) 50 J (E) 60 J

47. There is a laminar flow in a tube. When both the radius and length of the tube are doubled, how many times of flow resistance is changed? (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

49. Water is flowing at 4.0 m/s in a circular pipe. If the diameter of the pipe decreases to 1/2 its former value, what is the velocity of the water downstream? (A) 16 m/s (B) 4.0 m/s (C) 1.0 m/s (D) 8.0 m/s (E) 2.0 m/s

50. A 5.0 nC point charge is embedded at the center of a nonconducting sphere (radius = 2.0 cm) which has a charge of -8.0 nC distributed uniformly throughout its volume. What is the magnitude of the electric field at a point that is 1.0 cm from the center of the sphere? (where electric constant k=9.0×109 N·m 2 /C2 ) (A) 9.0 × 104 N/C (B) 1.8 × 105 N/C (C) 2.7 × 105 N/C (D) 3.6 × 105 N/C (E) 7.2× 105 N/C

51. A 5.0 A current flows along a wire with The wire resides in a uniform magnetic field T. The magnetic force acting on the wire is described by What is the value of C+D+E? (A) 1.3 N (B) 6.3 N (C) 1.8 N (D) 4.3 N (E) 0.35 N

52. The current in an inductor (L = 40 mH) is described by with I in ampers and t in seconds. What is the magnitude of the emf induced in the inductor at t = 3.0 s? (A) 2.0 V (B) 0.080 V (C) 50 V (D) 0 V (E) 4.0 V

53. A stiff wire bent into a semicircle of radius a = 2.0 cm is rotated at constant angular speed 40 rev/s in a uniform 20 mT magnetic field. What is the amplitude of the emf induced in the loop? (A) 3.16 × 10-2 V (B) 3.16 × 10-3 V (C) 3.16 × 10-1 V (D) 1.98 × 10-2 V (E) 1.98 × 10-3 V

54. Three long wires parallel to the x axis carry currents as shown. If I = 20 A, what is the magnitude of the magnetic field at the origin point O? ( magnetic constant μ0 = 4π × 10-7 T·m/A ) (A) 19 μT (B) 28 μT (C) 37 μT (D) 47 μT (E) 58 μT