49. In Passage 1, Tocqueville implies that treatment of men and women as identical in nature would have which consequence?
(A) Neither sex would feel oppressed.
(B) Both sexes would be greatly harmed.
(C) Men would try to reclaim their lost authority.
(D) Men and women would have privileges they do not need.

45. The writer is considering revising the underlined portion to the following:  dioxide, which increases their acidity. Should the writer make this revision here? (A) Yes, because it explains the relevance of this sentence to the point made in the paragraph. (B) Yes, because it helps the reader understand why organisms near NW Rota-1 evolved the way they did. (C)No, because it merely repeats information provided earlier in the passage without contributing to the paragraph's main idea. (D)No, because it interrupts discussion of oceanic life-forms with an irrelevant detail.

46. It can be inferred that the author of the passage mentions American Slavery, American Freedom in the second paragraph primarily in order to: (A) substantiate a point about the methodology that came to be prevalent among scholars engaged in the origins debate. (B) cite a major influence on those scholars who claimed that racial prejudice preceded the institution of slavery in colonial America. (C) show that some scholars who were engaged in the origins debate prior to the 1980s were interested in the experiences of enslaved people. (D) identify a reason for a certain difference in the late 1970s between the origins debate and the debate over American women's status. (E) contrast the kind of work produced by scholars engaged in the origins debate with the kind produced by scholars engaged in the debate over American women's status.

47. The passage suggests which of the following about the women's historians mentioned in the third paragraph? (A) They disputed certain claims regarding the status of eighteenth-century American women relative to women in England during the same period. (B) Their approach to the study of women's subordination had been partly influenced by earlier studies published by some scholars engaged in the origins debate. (C) Their work focused on the experiences of both White and African American women. (D) To some extent, they concurred with Wood and with Mullin about the origins of racism in colonial America. (E) Their approach resembled the approach taken in studies by Wood and by Mullin in that they were interested in the experiences of people subjected to a system of subordination.

48. According to the passage, historical studies of race and slavery in early America that were produced during the 1980s differed from studies of that subject produced prior to the 1980s in that the studies produced during the 1980s... (A) gave more attention to the experiences of enslaved women. (B) gave less attention to the cultures of enslaved people. (C) were read by more scholars in other fields. (D) were more concerned with the institutions and ideologies that perpetuated racial prejudice in postcolonial America. (E) made direct comparisons between the subordination of White women and the subordination of African American people.

50. In Passage 2, Mill most strongly suggests that gender roles are resistant to change because they (A) have long served as the basis for the formal organization of society. (B) can be influenced by legislative reforms only indirectly. (C) are matters of deeply entrenched tradition. (D) benefit the groups and institutions currently in power.

51. Which choice best describes the ways that the two authors conceive of the individual's proper position in society? (A) Tocqueville believes that an individual's position should be defined in important ways by that individual's sex, while Mill believes that an individual's abilities should be the determining factor. (B) Tocqueville believes that an individual's economic class should determine that individual's position, while Mill believes that class is not a legitimate consideration. (C) Tocqueville believes that an individual's temperament should determine that individual's position, while Mill believes that temperament should not be a factor in an individual's position. (D) Tocqueville believes that an individual's position should be determined by what is most beneficial to society, while Mill believes it should be determined by what an individual finds most rewarding.

52. In the second paragraph of Passage 1, the commands given by Beveridge mainly serve to (A)remind the audience of its civic responsibilities. (B)anticipate the benefits of a proposed policy. (C)emphasize the urgency of a national problem. (D)refute arguments that opponents have advanced.

53. It can reasonably be inferred from Passage 2 that Bryan considers the preference for national sovereignty over foreign rule to be a (A)reaction to the excesses of imperial governments in the modern era. (B)sign that the belief in human equality is widespread. (C)testament to the effects of the foreign policy of the United States. (D)manifestation of an innate drive in humans toward self-rule.

54. Which choice best describes a central difference between how Beveridge (Passage 1) and Bryan (Passage 2) view the concept of liberty as it is realized in the United States? (A) Beveridge presents it as the direct inheritance of European colonization, whereas Bryan presents it as a sharp break from earlier governments in Europe. (B) Beveridge considers it so exemplary as to justify conquest of other regions, whereas Bryan warns that its exemplary quality would be undermined by imperial expansion. (C) Beveridge argues that it arose organically as the United States matured, whereas Bryan argues that it was present from the country's beginnings. (D) Beveridge regards it as a model that should be shared with other countries, whereas Bryan believes that it is unique to the United States and could not work elsewhere.

55. It can most reasonably be inferred from Passage 2 that Bryan would criticize the vision of American governance of island territories that Beveridge presents in Passage 1 for being (A) unrealistic, since most Americans would be unwilling to relocate to distant islands. (B) deceptive, since economic domination would be the true goal of the American government. (C) impractical, since the islanders would insist upon an equal distribution of resources. (D) naive, since the islanders would object to being governed by Americans.