63. What is the mode of action of Vancomycin?
(A) Inhibition of cell wall biosynthesis
(B) Inhibition of DNA biosynthesis
(C) Inhibition of protein biosynthesis
(D) Inhibition of folic acid biosynthesis
(E) None of the above

59. How do ADH and RAAS work together in maintaining osmoregulatory homeostasis? (A) ADH monitors osmolarity of the blood and RAAS regulates blood volume. (B) ADH monitors appropriate osmolarity by reabsorption of water, and RAAS maintains osmolarity by stimulating Na+ reabsorption. (C)ADH an RAAS work antagonistically； ADH stimulates water reabsorption during dehydration and RAAS removal of water when it is in excess in body fluids. (D) Both stimulate the adrenal gland to secrete aldosterone which increases both blood volume and pressure. (E)Only when they are together in the receptor sites of proximal tubule cells, will reabsorption of essential nutrients back into the blood take place.

60. Which of the following statements about the adrenal gland is correct? (A) During stress, TSH stimulates the adrenal cortex and medulla to secrete acetylcholine. (B) During stress, the alpha cells of islets secrete insulin and simultaneously the beta cells of the islets secrete glucagon. (C) At all times, the adrenal gland monitors calcium levels in the blood and regulates calcium by secreting the two antagonistic hormones, epinephrine and norepinephrine. (D) At all times, the anterior portion secretes ACTH, while the posterior portion secretes oxytocin. (E) During stress, ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex, and neurons of the sympathetic nervous system stimulate the adrenal medulla.

61. The purpose of the hexose monophosphate shunt is to produce________. (A) pentose phosphates and NADPH (B) DNA and RNA (C) fatty acids (D) reducing substrates (E) ATP

62. Which integral membrane protein is uniquely found in the mitochondria of brown fat? (A) fatty acid synthase (B) catalase (C) ATP Synthase (D) UCP1 (E) FATP

64. Glycogen, amylose, and amylopectin are storage polysaccharides. Which one is linear form? (A) Glycogen (B) Amylose (C) Amylopectin (D) All of the above (E) None of the above

65. Which of the following statements about protein-ligand binding is correct? (A) The Ka is equal to the concentration of ligand when all of the binding sites are occupied. (B) The Ka is independent of such conditions as salt concentration and pH. (C) The larger the Ka (association constant), the weaker the affinity. (D) The larger the Ka, the faster is the binding. (E) The larger the Ka, the smaller the Kd (dissociation constant).

66. Which of the following is a heteropolysaccharide? (A) Cellulose (B) Chitin (C) Glycogen (D) Hyaluronate (E) Starch

67. The symptoms of severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome (SCID) are caused by a deficiency of which of the following enzymes? (A) adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (B) HGPRT (hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase) (C) adenosine deaminase (D) dihydrofolate reductase (E) xanthine oxidase

68. Transport of fatty acids from the cytoplasm to the mitochondrial matrix requires: (A) ATP, carnitine, and coenzyme A.(B) ATP, carnitine, and pyruvate dehydrogenase. (C) ATP, coenzyme A, and hexokinase. (D) ATP, coenzyme A, and pyruvate dehydrogenase. (E) carnitine, coenzyme A, and hexokinase.

69. Which of the following enzymes is inhibited by malonyl-CoA? (A) Fatty acid synthase (B) Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (C) Hormone-sensitive lipase (D) Carnitine acyltransferase-1 (E) Hydroxymethylglutary1 CoA reductase