7.The word “expendable” in line 21 is closest in meaning to
(A) nonproductive
(B) unacceptable
(C) nonessential
(D) unprofitable

3. The phrase “hinged on” in line 9 is closest in meaning to (A) recovered from (B) depended on (C) started on (D) contributed to

4. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage as a reason for the industrial growth that occurred in the United States before 1914? (A)The availability of natural resources found only in the United States (B) The decrease in number of farms resulting from technological advances (C) The replacement of canals and railroads by other forms of transportation (D) The availability of a large immigrant work force

5. The word “lured” in line 19 is closest in meaning to (A) attracted (B) assigned (C) restricted (D) attached

6. The word “Others” in line 20 refers to other (A) adults (B) promises (C) goods and services (D) social opportunities

8. It can be inferred from the passage that industrialization affected farming in that industrialization (A) increased the price of farm products (B) limited the need for new farm machinery (C) created new and interesting jobs on farms (D) reduced the number of people willing to do farm work

9.What does the author mean when stating that certain inventions made farming “capital-intensive rather than labor-intensive” (lines 23-24)? (A) Workers had to be trained to operate the new machines. (B) Mechanized farming required more capital and fewer laborers. (C) The new inventions were not helpful for all farming activities. (D) Human labor could still accomplish as much work as the first machines.

10. According to the passage, factory workers differed from craft workers in that factory workers (A) were required to be more creative (B) worked extensively with raw materials (C) changed jobs frequently (D) specialized in one aspect of the finished product only

11.The passage mainly discusses how (A) birds prepare for breeding (B) bird feathers differ from species (C) birds shed and replace their feathers (D) birds are affected by seasonal changes

12.The word “Notwithstanding” in line 2 is closest in meaning to (A) despite (B) because of (C) instead of (D) regarding

13.The word “intricate” in line 2 is closest in meaning to (A) regular (B) complex (C) interesting (D) important