8. The word "essence" in line 16 is closest in meaning to
(A) basic nature
(B) growing importance
(C) full extent
(D) first phase

4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a characteristic of the typical folk song? (A) It is constantly changing over time. (B) it is passed on to other people by being performed. (C) It contains complex musical structures. (D) It appeals to many people.

5. The word "subjected" in line 9 is closest in meaning to (A) reduced (B) modified (C) exposed (D) imitated

6. The author mentions the farm laborer and his friends (lines 10-14) in order to do which of the following? (A) Explain how a folk song evolves over time (B) Illustrate the importance of music to rural workers (C) Show how subject matter is selected for a folk song (D) Demonstrate how a community, chooses a folk song

7. According to the passage, why would the original composers of folk songs be forgotten? (A) Audiences prefer songs composed by professional musicians. (B) Singers dislike the decorative touches in folk song tunes. (C) Numerous variations of folk songs come to exist at the same time. (D) Folk songs are not considered an important form of music.

9. The author mentions that published music is not considered to be folk music because (A) the original composer can be easily identified (B) the songs attract only the young people in a community (C) the songs are generally performed by professional singers (D) the composers write the music in rural communities

10.What does the passage mainly discuss? (A) How babies differentiate between the sound of the human voice and other sounds (B) The differences between a baby's and an adult's ability to comprehend language (C) How babies perceive and respond to the human voice in their earliest stages of language development (D) The response of babies to sounds other than the human voice

11. Why does the author mention a bell and a rattle in lines 4-5 ? (A) To contrast the reactions of babies to human and nonhuman sounds (B) To give examples of sounds that will cause a baby to cry (C) To explain how babies distinguish between different nonhuman sounds (D) To give examples of typical toys that babies do not like

12. Why does the author mention syllables pronounced with rising and falling inflections in lines 7-8 ? (A) To demonstrate how difficult it is for babies to interpret emotions (B) To illustrate that a six-week-old baby can already distinguish some language differences (C) To provide an example of ways adults speak to babies (D) To give a reason for babies' difficulty in distinguishing one adult from another

13. The word "diverse" in line 14 is closest in meaning to (A) surrounding (B) divided (C) different (D) stimulating

14.. The word"noted" in line 17 is closest in meaning to (A) theorized (B) requested (C) disagreed (D) observed