四、何謂教師社會地位？請說明教師與其他行業之社會地位的相對高低，以 及在國際比較上臺灣教師社會地位之情況。 （25 分）

一、比較教育學科之演進可以分為十九世紀的萌芽期、二十世紀 1950 年代前發展、1950 年代後之發展，請分述這三期之情形。 （25 分）

二、法國的大學區（Académie）和美國學區制度（American School-District System）二者有何差異？（25 分）

(1)何謂英語授課（EMI）？

(2)請根據國際經驗，闡述此項教育改革之成功關鍵因素。

三、Translate the following passage into Chinese.（30 分）Former President Donald J. Trump, on a day set aside to celebrate those who have defended the United States in uniform, promised to honor veterans in part by assailing what he portrayed as America’s greatest foe: the political left.Using incendiary and dehumanizing language to refer to his opponents, Mr. Trump vowed to “root out” what he called “the radical left thugs that live like vermin within the confines of our country.”“The threat from outside forces is far less sinister, dangerous and grave than the threat from within,” Mr. Trump said Saturday in a nearly two-hour Veterans Day address in Claremont, N.H. Mr. Trump accused Democrats and President Biden of trying to roll back his efforts to expand veteran access to health care, causing soaring inflation, pushing the country to the brink of World War III, endangering the troops in Afghanistan and of lying and rigging elections.He also promised to care for America’s veterans, reviving a hyperbolic claim that he made throughout his 2016 campaign that Democrats “treat the illegal aliens just pouring into our country better than they treat our veterans.”

一、請說明教育行政機關科層體制（bureaucracy）之特徵與限制，並提出教育組織再造的可行策略。（25分）

二、請說明理性模式（The rational model）在教育行政決策上的運用，並說明此一決策模式的限制與問題。（25分）

三、中小學在規劃教育方案或計畫時，要如何運用SWOT（ Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat）分析法來研擬發展策略？請以一所學校推動雙語教育政策為例進行 SWOT 分析，從而提出具體可行的發展策略。 （25 分）

(1)教育行政機關要如何推展永續發展目標教育（EducationforSDGs,ESDGs）？

(2)教育行政機關在推展永續發展目標教育時，可能遇到那些問題或挑戰？