II. 解釋名詞 (每題 4 分，共 20 分)

1. genomic imprinting

2. a monophyletic taxon

3. carrying capacity (for each population)

4. fast block in polyspermy

5. hippocampus

III. 簡答題 (每題 8 分，共 40 分)1. What is the proteome, and what are the major goals of proteomics?

2. How would you determine how a steroid hormone affects gene expression in human tissue culture cells?

3. How are carbon fixation and the Calvin cycle different in C4 plants and CAM plants?

4. What is the mechanism that the peptide hormone ADH (antidiuretic hormone) stimulates water reabsorption in the kidney collecting ducts? In diabetes insipidus, the kidneys are unable to conserve water. One heritable form of the disease, central diabetes insipidus, can be treated by desmopressin, a synthetic replacement for ADH. Another heritable form of the disease, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, does not respond to treatment with desmopressin. Hypothesize in which components might have been affected by the mutations in the two forms of the disease.

b. Identify a research technique (for electrophysiology) that could be used to discover how BTX affects specific membrane proteins. (3%)

c. Based on figure 2, what would you expect this technique to show? (3%)

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