110年 - 110 國立臺灣大學_碩士班招生考試_大氣科學研究所甲組:氣候學#100334

科目：研究所、轉學考(插大)◆氣候學 | 年份：110年 | 選擇題數：0 | 申論題數：13

試卷資訊

所屬科目：研究所、轉學考(插大)◆氣候學

選擇題 (0)

申論題 (13)

a. the heating (radiative and latent) and circulation in the tropical atmosphere [10pt]

b. the SST distribution (equatorial warm pool and cold tongue. coastal water in the eastern and western boundary of Pacific) [10pt]

c. the thermocline (D20) distribution [5pt]

d. the upper ocean circulation (Ekman and geostrophic currents) [5pt]

a. Mark on Fig. 2 where convergence and divergence occurs and describe concisely the Walker and Hadley circulation based on the figure and dynamic arguments. [10pt]

b. Describe qualitatively the changes in SST. wind. D20. and precipitation from the climatology shown in Fig. 1 [10pt]

a. Sketch the vertical structure that represents the environment of the deep convection region in terms of moist static energy (h), saturation molst static energy (h"), and dry static energy (s) from the surface to the bottom of the stratosphere. Be careful about the detailed relationship between the state variables and their quantitative values (in terms of temperature [K). [10pt]

b. Same as a), sketch the vertical structure for the environment of the shallow convection region. [10pt)

c. Please discuss how convection may change under the global warming scenario (Discuss s one potential mechanism in detail). [5pt]

a. Starting from the moist static energy budget and moisture budget, write down all of the energetic terms (c:g. energy luxes) that would affect globally averaged dry static energy. Be clear about the definition of positive and negative signs. [10ptl

b. Under global warming, deep tropical high clouds tend to risc and maintain a similar temperature. With the help of a.), discussed how raising high clouds with global warming in deep tropics affects global mcan precipitation. [5pt]

c. Consider the effects on the ocean, discuss how decreasing surface wind speed will modify the oceanic mixed layer depth, and why? [5pt]

d. Consider all factors listed in question a), most climate models project an increase in global mean precipitation (about 2~3% per K); however, the increase is smaller than what one would expect based on the Clausius-Clapeyron relation (about 7% per K). Due to this constraint, tropical circulation tends to slow down. Do you think the change in the mixed layer depth discussed in c.) would be positive or negative feedback for global warming, and why? [5pt]