110年 - 110 國立臺灣大學_碩士班招生考試_生態學與演化生物學研究所:演化生物學#108080

科目：研究所、轉學考(插大)◆演化生物學 | 年份：110年 | 選擇題數：5 | 申論題數：28

試卷資訊

所屬科目：研究所、轉學考(插大)◆演化生物學

選擇題 (5)

1. The frequency of multiple synonymous codons coding for the same amino acid is not equal in the genome. This is called: (A) Post-translational modification (B) Codon swapping (C) Codon bias (D) Four-fold degenerate sites

2. Although sometime pollination could successfully happen between different plant species, pollen-pistil incompatibility happens (the pollen from species A could not successfully germinate on the pistil of species B). This is a type of: (A) Premating barrier (B) Postmating prezygotic barrier (C) Postzygotic barrier (D) Hybrid incompatibility

3. Which of the following is a potential benefit for the evolution of sexual reproduction? (A) Facilitating the co-operation between parents (B) In theory, sexual reproduction produces twice the amount of progeny than asexual reproduction (C) Promoting male-male competition, facilitating the evolution of male traits (D) Combining alleles to generate new genotypes that might be adaptive to new environments

4. Which of the following about "secondary contact" in the model of speciation is true? (A) Results from vicariance (B) Results in allopatric speciation (C) Is caused by Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibility (D) Allele frequency cline is usually observed

5. In the famous example of the evolution of freshwater three-spined stickleback fish,the candidate gene Pitx1 does not express in the pelvic region, leading to the lack of development of pelvic spine. This is likely due to the mutation in which region of the Pitx1gene? (A) The enhancer or promoter region (B) The protein-coding region (C) The region under balancing selection in the lake

申論題 (28)

一、名詞解釋(30%,3%each)

1. Microevolution

2. Homoplasy

3. Neoteny

4. Phylogeography

5. Allele

6. Genetic drift

7. Panmictic

8. Quantitative trait

9. Founder effect

10. Meiotic drive

1. What NOT to expect of natural selection and adaptation? (Circle all correct answers)(5%) (A) The necessity of adaptation (B) Perfection (C) Cooperative behavior (D) Progress (E) Harmony and balance of nature (F) Morality and ethics

2. Why effective population size is usually smaller than the actual census size? (Circle all correct answers)(5%) (A) Migration between populations. (B) Variation in the number of progenies produced by females, males, or both. (C) Unequal number of males and females that produce offspring. (D) Natural selection increases variation in progeny number. (E) Fluctuations in population size. (F) Mutations.

A. What is the expected heterozygosity of locus A in this population? (5%)

B. The observed heterozygosity of locus A is 0.5. Please give posible explanations on why observed heterozygosity is different from expected heterozygosity? (5%)

1. Speciation by genetic divergence of populations in the same location.

2. Differential reproduction as a result of variation in the ability to obtain mates.

3. phenotypioc variation arising from the difference in the effect of the environment on the expression of different genotypes.

4. New Benes arise as copies of pre-existing gene sequences.

5. Determ nining the chromosomal position containing at least one gene that contributes to variation in a quantitative trait.

6. The proportion of the variance in a trait among individuals that is attributable to differences in genotype.

7. Speciation by genetic divergence of populations in distinct locations.

8. Contrasting effects of a gene on different characters or on the same character in different environments.

9. A region in which genetically distinct populations come into contact and produce some offspring of mixed ancestry.

10. Movement of genes or symbionts between individual organisms other than by parent-offspring transmission.

(1) Can he conclude there is genetic difference causing the height difference? Why or why not?

(2) What experiment should he do to demonstrate there is a genetic cause for such height difference?

2. Please explain (1) sub-functionalization and (2) neo-functionalization after gene duplication

3. Please give an example and explain how sympatric speciation could happen in (1) animals and (2) plants