110年 - 110 國立臺灣大學_碩士班招生考試_腦與心智科學研究所:認知神經科學#101177

(1) Explain fear conditioning and fear extinction behaviors. (8 points)

(2) Describe two brain regions critical for fear conditioning and fear extinction. (6 points)

(1). Briefly explain their roles in human language processing. (7 points)

(2). Describe what would happen if a patient has a lesion in each area. (7 points)

(1). Briefly explain what working memory is. (S points)

(2). Give one example of working memory. (S points)

4. Attention (12 points) Cognitive operation of pain is a two-way street, which contains top-down and bottom-up processing. One of the key cognitive factors is attention. Please describe how top-down and bottom-up attention infiuences human perception of pain. (12 points)

(i) State the probability that the contestant picks door no. 1 for the first choice (e.g, 1/4, 2/5, etc,). (1 pt.)

(ii) State the probability that the car is behind door no. I for the first choice. (1pt.)

(iii) After the contestant picked door no.1, state the probability that the host opens door no. 3, if the car is behind door no. 1. (3 pt.)

(iv) After the contestant picked door no. 1, state the probability that the host opens door no. 3, if the car is behind door no. 2. (3 pt.)

(v) Affer the contestant picked door no. I, state the probability that the host opens door no. 3, if the car is behind door no. 3. (3 pt.)

(vi) State the name of the following theorem:

(vi) State the probability P(C₃|A₁， B₁) (2 pt.)

(viii) State the probability P(C₃|A₃， B₁) (2 pt.)

(ix) State the probability P(C₃| B₁). (2 pt.)

(x) Express the probability that the ca ar is behind door no. 2 given that the contestant picked door no. I and the host opened door no. 3 using the form P(X|Y,Z), but replacing with A_i, B_j, and C_k, accordingly. (3 pt)

Note that

(xi) Calculate the probability described in question (x). (6 pt.)

(xii) Based on your answer in (xi), should the contestant switch doors? (I pt.)

6. Design an experimental study to evaluate the different roles of the striatum and the hippocampus in how humans navigate spatial environments. In your answer, briefly review what you know about the roles of the striatum and the hippocampus in spatial navigation based on past Iiterature (provide as accurate references as you can). Then reason out your hypothesis about what cognitive processes distinguishes the roles of these two brain regions and how you might test your hypothesis. Describe your proposed experimental design, the instruments you would use, the measures you would acquire and the analyses you would do to answer your hypothesis, as well as your predicted results (20 pts).

110年 - 110 國立臺灣大學_碩士班招生考試_腦與心智科學研究所:認知神經科學#101177

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