複選題
10. Which statements is/are CORRECT in regard to ribosome and translation in bacteria?
(A) Ribosomes contain RNA and protein and are the major translation apparatus.
(B) Ribosome has two tRNA-binding sites, A site and P site.
(C) Translation and transcription take place in the same compartment in bacteria.
(D) Bacterial mRNA has Shine-Dalgarno sequence approximately 10 bases upstream of the AUG initiation
(E) Shine-Dalgarno is a polypyrimidine sequence important for translation initiation. codon.

複選題6.Which statements is/are CORRECT in regard to telomere? (A) A typical telomere has a simple repeating structure. (B) Telomere length is controlled by the activity of telomerase. (C) Telomerase has RNA polymerase activity to extend the telomere. (D) Telomeres are essential for cell survival. (E) Telomeric protein complex marks the location of telomere for DNA damage repair.

複選題7. Which statements is/are CORRECT in regard to the generation of mRNA in eukaryotes? (A) Eukaryotic mRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase I. (B) Eukaryotic mRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II. (C) The primary transcript of the gene is a pre-mRNA that requires splicing to generate the mature mRNA. (D) Splicing removes exons and retains introns. (E) The length of a gene is often determined by its exons.

複選題8.Which statements is/are CORRECT in regard to transcription? (A) In Escherichia coli, sigma factor associated with core enzyme to determine a set of promoters where transcription is initiated. (B) In eukaryotes, TATA box is a common component of RNA polymerase II promoters. (C) TATA box may determine the location of the transcription start point. (D)Enhancers are short DNA sequence elements. (E) Enhancers have to be located upstream of a promoter to stimulate the promoter activity.

複選題9. Which statements is/are CORRECT in regard to the transcription regulation in eukaryotes? (A) Expression of eukaryotic gene is controlled at the transcription initiation that requires the opening of chromatin. (B) Histone acetylation is associated with the activation of gene expression. (C) Histone acetylation is associated with the repression of gene expression. (D) DNA methylation is associated with transcription activation. (E) DNA methylation is associated with inactivation of transcription.

複選題11.Which statements is/are CORRE CT in regard to translation in eukaryotes? (A) Eukaryotic ribosomal subunits contain two major rRNAs, 188 and 28S. (B) Eukaryotic ribosomal subunits contain two major rRNAs, 16S and 23S. (C) Eukaryotic 40S ribosomal subunit binds to the 5' end of mRNA and locates the initiation site by scanning. (D) A cap-binding complex binds to the 5' end of mRNA after the association of 40S subunit with the mRNA. (E) A cap-binding complex binds to the 5' end of mRNA before the association of 40S subunit with the mRNA for translation initiation.

複選題12. Which statements is/are CORRECT in regard to the operon of prokaryotes? (A) A repressor protein can bind to an operator to prevent a gene from being expressed. (B) Polycistronic mRNA transcribed from an operon contains several coding regions. (C) Polycistronic mRNA encode proteins that usually function in different metabolic pathways. (D) The lac repressor acts only on a specific operon. (E) The trp repressor can regulate more than one set of genes.

複選題13. Which statements is/are CORRECT in regard to the noncoding RNA? (A) RNA can function as a regulator to turn off the expression of a target gene. (B)A regulator RNA (such as antisense RNA) may form a duplex with the target RNA to block translation. (C) A regulator RNA may interfere with transcription. (D) Long noncoding RNA (IncRNA) can also control the overall structure of the eukaryotic nucleus. (E) Ribozyme represents a RNA sequence with catalytic enzyme activity.

複選題14.What are involved to facilitate a correct chromosome segregation and proper cell division in prokaryotes? (A) Site-specific recombination to recreate monomers if the chromosome is in a dimer form at the end of replication. (B) Non-homologous recombination. (C) Septum formation. (D) Z-ring assembly at mid-cell. (E) Low MinE/MinCD ratio.

複選題15.Regarding to genome sequences, which statements is/are CORRECT? (A) Point mutations include transition and transversion. (B) Transition results from the substitution of a purine with a pyrimidine, or vice versa. (C) Transversion results from the substitution of a purine with a pyrimidine, or vice versa. (D) When alleles of the same locus are compared, difference in a single nucleotide is called a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). (E) SNPs can be found in patients with a specific disorder.

複選題16.Regarding to DNA repair, which statements is/are CORRECT? (A) DNA polymerase I is the major repair enzyme of E. coli. (B) DNA polymerase III is the major repair enzyme of E. coli. (C) DNA polymerase I participates in DNA replication to remove RNA primer and replace it with DNA. (D) Mismatches between the two strands of DNA can be repaired by excision repair system. (E) Photo-reactivation is a non-mutagenic repair system that acts specifically on purine dimers.