複選題

25. Reasons affecting the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines include ______ (Select all that apply.)
(A) no vaccine adjuvant is included in the vaccine
(B) only one serotype of SARS coronavirus (CoV)-2
(C) antibody response is waned(消退) over time
(D) survival of the infectious agent for long periods inside the host
(E) high mutation rates in the pathogen.

複選題1-3. Which of the following protein/molecule is involved in (A) Class I pathway (B) Class II pathway or (C) Both or (D) neither of the antigen presentation? 1. Endogenous antigen 2. Invariant chain (Ii) 3. TAP-1

複選題4-6. Which of the following features is belonging to (A) Class I MHC molecules (B) Class II MHC molecules (C) Both (D) Neither? 4. Accommodates peptides of 20 residues 5. HLA-B 6. Polymorphic residues locate at al and ẞ1 domains.

複選題7-10. Which one of the following properties is related to human immunoglobulin (A) IgM (B) IgD (C) IgG (D) IgA (E) IgE? 7. Lowest amount in the serum 8. Dimeric form transports across epithelia 9. The best Ig to activate complement system 10. Fc portion of Ig is transported by 2 molecules of FcRn (neonatal Fc receptor) across the placenta.

11. Which is NOT the fate of self-responsive B cells in the bone marrow? (A) Clonal expansion (B) Ignorance (C) Generation of non-autoreactive mature B cells (D) Apoptosis (E) Anergy

12. Which one of the following factors is NOT involved in RAG-dependent V( D )J rearrangement? (A) XRCC4 (B) TdT (C) Ku70 (D)DNA-PK (E) AID.

13. A helper T cell response to a protein antigen requires the participation of antigen-presenting cells that express which of the following types of molecules? (A) Class II MHC and co-stimulators (B) Class I MHC and CD4 (C) Class II MHC and CD8 (D) CD4 and co-stimulators (E) Class II MHC and CD4.

14. Which of the following is NOT a required step in B and T lymphocyte development? (A) Proliferative expansion of precursor cells (B) Cell surface expression of complete antigen receptor complexes (C) Positive selection (D) Activation of precursors by foreign antigens (E) Pre-antigen receptor expression.

15. Which of the following is NOT an example of a checkpoint in lymphocyte development that contributes to the selective maturation of cells with useful antigen receptors? (A) B cell precursors that cannot express TLR die by apoptosis. (B) Developing T cells that fail to express TCR α chains die by apoptosis. (C) Developing T cells that recognize self-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules with high affinity die by apoptosis. (D) Immature B cells that bind to self-antigen with high affinity die by apoptosis. (E) T cell precursors that cannot express TCR β chains die by apoptosis.

16. Which one of the following molecules is the specific transcription factor of follicular helper T (TFH) cell? (A) T-bet (B) RORyt (C) GATA-3 (D) FoxP3 (E) Bcl-6.

17. Which one of the following experimental approaches is used to reduce the expression of gene? (A) Affinity chromatography (B) Chromatin immunoprecipitation (C) ELISA (D) Flow cytometry (E) RNA interference (RNAi).

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