複選題

3. Which of the following statements about analytical calculations is (are) correct? (AB) Mass is a variant measure of the quantity of matter in an object, while weight is the force of attraction between an object and its sur undings, principally the carth. (AC) The molar mass of a substance is the mass in amu of I mole of that substance. (AD) The molar analytical concentration of a solution gives the total number of millimoles in 1 mL of the solution. (AE) The prefix giga- for units is abbreviated as G and represents the multiplier of . (BC) The pH is a p-function and is the negative logarithm of [H⁺]. (BD) The specific gravity is the ratio of the mass of a substance to the mass of an equal volume of water at 0℃.

複選題1. Which of the following statements about the nature of analytical chemistry is (are) correct? (AB) Amaterial is homogeneous if its constituent parts can be distinguished only with the aid of a microscope. (AC) The preparation of a solid Iaboratory sample involves grounding the solid to decrease particle size. mixing to ensure homogeneity, and storing for various lengths of time before analysis begins. (AD) Techniques or reactions that work for only one analyte are said to be selective. (AE) An interferent causes an error in an analysis by attenuating (making smaller) the quantity being measured, whereas an interference causes an error by enbancing the quantity. (BC)We compute the results of a typical quantitative analysis from two mea ments. One is the mass or the volume of sample being analyzed. The second mcasurement is of some quantity that is proportional to the amount of analyte in the sample. (BD) In gravimetric methods. we determine the volume of the analyte or some compound chemically related to it.

複選題2. Which of the following statements about the Interational System of Units (St) is (are) correct? (AB) The SI is based on seven fundamental base units. (AC) The angstrom unitis a SI unit of length. (AD) The mole is a SI unit for the amount of a chemical substance. (AE) Not all non-SI units can be derived from the base units of SI. (BC) The SI base unit of temperature is Celsius. (BD) The SI base unit of mass is gram.

複選題4. Which of the following analytical statistics statements is (are) correct? (AB) Systematic error causes the mean of a data set to differ from the accepted value. (AC) Markings on the speedometer always read from a given angle is an exampie of random error. (AD) Instrumental errors are systematic errors. (AE) Personal etrors are random errors. (BC) Placing fingerprints on the vial afier weighing while adding sample to the vial is an example of random errors. (BD) A miscalibrated pipet holding a slightly different volume of liquid than the indicated volume contributes random error.

複選題5. Which of the following statements related to data treatment is (are) correct? (AB) The mean of a data set is found by adding all numbers in the data set and then dividing by the number of values in the set. (AC) The variance is the square root of the standard deviation. (AD) The standard error of the mean is the standard deviation of the mean. (AE) The coefficient of variation is the percent relative standard deviation. (BC) The standard error of the mean of 5 measurements is larger than the standard deviation of a single result. (BD) As the desired confidence level decreases, the confidence interval increases.

複選題6. Which of the following statements about normal distribution is (are) correct? (AB) The graph used to depict a normal distribution consists of a symnetrical bell-shaped curve. (AC) The bell-shaped curve is a common feature of nature and psychology. (AD) Normal distributions may not be symmetric around their mean. (AE) Normal distributions a are defined by two parameters. the mean and the standard deviation, only. (BC) The arca under the normal curve is equal to 100. (BD) The tails of normal distribution curves are asymptotic. They meet the horizon (i.e. x-axis).

複選題7. Which of the following statements about mass spectrometry is (are) correct? (AB) Mass spectrometry measures the charge-to-mass ratio of charged particles. (AC) The main steps a mass spectrometer takes inelude vaporization, ionization, accelcration, scparation, and detection. (AD) The mass spectra of a given substance obtained from mass spectrometers using different ionization sources are the same. (AE) ICP-MS can analyze metals only. (BC) For0.I mL of sample, the ICP-MS absolute detection limit is equal or less than 0.1 yg. (BD) Among different ion sources for molecular mass spectrometry, electron ionization results in higher sensitivities than do chemical and field jonization.

複選題8. Which of the following statements about calibration is (are) correct? (AB) Calibration deternmines the relationship between the analyical response and the analyte concentration. (AC) Calibration does not inctude adjustment. i.c.. With calibration there is no technical intervention at the measuring instrument. (AD) The chemical standards used in calibration can only be prepared from purified reagents. (AE) Gravimetric methods do not rely on calibration with chemical standards. (BC) Titration is a type of comparison methods. (BD) The least-squares method has two assumptions: (i) A linear relationship exists between the measured response y and the standard analyte concentration x. (i) Erors exist in x values (concentrations) of the data points.

複選題9. Which of the follow lowing state stements about alpha val lue is (are) correct? (AB) The reiative e equilibrium concea ntrations of the components in a conjugate system (e.g. a conjugate acid/base) are called slipha (a) values. (AC) The alpha values of a conjugate ncid/base depend on pH and Ka. (AD) Tbe alpha values of a conjugate acid/base are independent of the sum of the analytical concontrations of the acid and its conjugate base in a buffer solution. (AE) Plotting the alpha values as a function of the pH of the solution shows curves crossing at pH-pKb, wihere Kb i3 the base dissociation constant of the conjugate base, (BC)Since EDTA is a polyprotic acid, its alpha values affect the complex fornation between EDTA and the metal ion (ABE). (BD) Decreasing the o4 value of EDTA favors the fornation of the EDTA-M complex.

複選題10. Which of the following nts related to the acid sal: NaHA and polyprotic acid titration is (are) correct? (AB) NaHlA can act as a proton donor and also as the conjugate base of the parent acid I H2A. (AC) Solutions of acid salis are acidic. (AD)The pH of a NaHA solu lution can be cal (AE) A solution having the same e calculated by only treating NatlA as an acid. lution obtained by dissolving NaHtA in pure water cannat be obtained during the process wi "d with NaOH (BC) It is possible to titrate all three protons of phosphoric acid in aqueous solution. (BD)A titration by NaOH of a mixture of H3PO4, and NallbH2PO4containing phensiphthalein to the the second end point gives the numher of millimoles of NaH2PO4.

20. Which of the following statements is correct?(A) In volatilization gravimetry, the analyte is separated from other constituents of a sample by converting it to a precipitate of known chemical composition.(B) In precipitation gravimetry, the product should be of sufficiently low solubility and reactive with constituents of the atmosphere.(C) A colloid consists of solid particles from 10-2 to 10-6 m in diameter that are visible to the naked eyes.(D) Nucleation is a process in which a maximum number of atoms, ions, or molecules join together to give a small number of larger particles.(E) When a precipitate is formed at high relative supersaturation, nucleation is the major precipitation mechanism.

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