1.下列有關豬丹毒桿菌之敘述，何者正確？
(A)主要藉由配種傳染
(B)屬於厭氧菌
(C)屬於革蘭氏陽性菌
(D)會分泌毒素

disease of swine, 11th ed, p835

(A) 直接感染: 口鼻分泌物；間接感染: 環境汙染、受汙染飼料水、皮膚傷口感染

Transmission of E. rhusiopathiae is believed to occur directly via oronasal secretions and feces and indirectly via environmental contamination (Wood and Harrington Jr 1978). 
Pigs can be infected by ingestion of contaminated feed or water and through contamination of skin wounds.

(B)(C) 細胞內兼性厭氧革蘭氏陽性菌

Erysipelothrix spp. are nonmotile, non‐sporulating, non‐acid‐fast, facultatively intracellular gram‐positive rods that are facultative anaerobes and grow between 41°F (5°C) and 111°F (44°C), with optimal growth occurring between 86°F (30°C) and 98.6°F (37°C) (Carter 1990).

(D) 毒力因子包括以下:  (沒敘述到有分泌毒素)

Important virulence factors include neuraminidase, capsular polysaccharides, and surface proteins. Neuraminidase is an enzyme that cleaves sialic acids from glycoproteins, glycolipids, and polysaccharides on host cell walls, providing bacterial nutrients and aiding in bacterial adhesion and tissue invasion (Schauer 1985). 
none is secreted by nonpathogenic E. tonsillarum (Wang et al. 2005).
The polysaccharide capsule of E. rhusiopathiae provides resistance to phagocytosis by leukocytes and intracellular killing by macrophages (Shimoji 2000). The E. rhusiopathiae capsule plays a major role in bacterial adherence and immune evasion. Its phosphorylcholine component, along with surface protective antigen A (SpaA), has been demonstrated to be involved in bacterial adherence to endothelial cells in the absence of platelet‐activating factor receptor mediation in vitro (Harada et al. 2014).
Other bacterial surface proteins that may contribute to virulence include novel adhesins RspA and RspB (Shimoji et al. 2003), which are important in early biofilm formation.

內毒素造成休克及敗血