1. Which one of the following algorithms is NOT a symmetric algorithm?
(A) DES
(B) AES
(C) Caesar Cipher
(D) RSA

(E) Playfair Cipher

27. Which of the following statements about Big O notation is CORRECT?(A) Big O notation provides the exact running time of an algorithm.(B) Big O notation can be used to compare algorithms only if they are similar algorithms.(C) Big O notation provides the best-case running time of an algorithm.(D) Big O notation ignores constants and lower-order terms.(E) Big O notation is only used to analyze sorting algorithms.

28. What is the difference between a generative and a discriminative model? (A) A generative model learns the underlying probability distribution of the data, while a discriminative model learns the decision boundary between classes. (B) A generative model learns the decision boundary between classes, while a discriminative model learns the underlying probability distribution of the data. (C) A generative model is unsupervised, while a discriminative model is supervised. (D) A generative model is used for regression, while a discriminative model is used for classification. (E) None of the above.

29. ChatGPT is a large-scale language model trained by OpenAI, which is mainly trained to understand and generate natural language. Which of the following statements about ChatGPT is CORRECT? (A) ChatGPT has used fine-tuning. (B) It handles context through a history of previous conversation turns. (C) The GPT model is developed based on the Transformer architecture. (D) ChatGPT uses supervised learning. (E) All of the above.

30. Which of the following statements about ROC curve and AUC is INCORRECT? (A) Usually, the y-axis is the true positive rate. (B) AUC is used as an indicator of the quality of the model. (C) The perfect prediction is at the ROC space coordinate (0, 1) point. (D) If AUC=0.5, it means that the model is the same as random guessing, and has no predictive value. (E) If AUC＜0.5 means that the model will not be better than random prediction in any way.

2. Ping is a computer network administration utility used to test the reachability of a host on the Internet. Ping is implemented by which of the following protocols? (A) IGMP (B) XMPP (C) RCTP (D) ICMP (E) SIP

3. For a specific CPU design, there are three instruction classes as depicted in Table 1 and run at a clock rate of 100 MHz.For a given program, a compiler can produce the following executed instruction counts as depicted in Table 2. Please calculate the average CPI of this compiler.(A) 4(B) 2(C) 1.25(D) 0.5(E) All of the above are wrong.

4. Which one MAX_VALUE of primitive data type in C is greater than others?(A) int(B) unsigned int(C) signed int(D) double(E) long

5. Unsupervised learning is a type of algorithm that learns patterns from untagged data. Which of the following learning techniques is an unsupervised learning technique? (A) Decision tree (B) K-means clustering (C) Support vector machine (D) k-NN (E) Random Forest

6. Given a prefix expression “+ + (9) × (8) (7) × + × (6) (5) (4) (3)”, please calculate the result.(A) 167 (B) 147 (C) 127 (D) 117 (E) 107

7. Which type of memory or storage components has the shortest response time?(A) Main memory(B) CPU cache(C) Processor registers(D) Floppy disk drives(E) Solid-state drive