11. At constant pressure, the reaction, 2NO₂(g) → N₂O₄(g) is exothermic. The reaction is
(A) always spontaneous
(B) spontaneous at low temperatures but not at high temperatures
(C) spontaneous at high temperatures but not at low temperatures
(D) never spontaneous
(E) none of these

1. Vitamin C contains the elements C, H, and O. It is known to contain 40.9% C and 4.58% H by mass. The molar mass of vitamin C has been found to be about 180. The molecular formula for vitamin C is (A) C2H3O2 (B) C3H4O3 (C) C4H6O4 (D) C6H8O6 (E) none of these

2. When the equation FeCr2O4 + K2CO3 + O2 → K2CrO4 + Fe2O3 + CO2 is balanced with the smallest set of integers, the sum of the coefficients is (A) 6 (B) 9 (C) 15 (D) 24 (E) 37

3. The following acids are listed in order of decreasing acid strength in water. HI ＞ HNO2 ＞ CH3COOH ＞ HCIO ＞ HCN According to Brønsted-Lowry theory, which of the following ions is the weakest base? (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

4. The strong acid HA is added to water. Which of the following is the strongest base in the system? (A) HA (B) H2O (C) (D) (E)

5. The acids HC2H3O2 and HF are both weak, but HF is a stronger acid than HC2H3O2. HCI is a strong acid. Order the following according to base strength. (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) none of these

6. The two salts AgX and AgY have very similar solubilities in water. The salt AgX is much more soluble in acid than is AgY. What can be said about the relative strengths of the acids HX and HY? (A) nothing can be said about their relative strengths (B) HY is stronger than HX (C) HX is stronger than HY (D) the acids have equal strengths (E) none of these

7. For the combustion of ethyl alcohol as described in the above equation, which of the following statements is(are) true? C2H5OH(l) + 3O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(Λ), ΔΗ = −1.37 x 103 kJ I: The reaction is exothermic； II: The enthalpy change would be different if gaseous water were produced； III: The reaction is not an oxidation-reduction one； IV: The products of the reaction occupy a larger volume than the reactants. (A) I, II (B) I, II, III (C) I, III, IV (D) III, IV (E) I only

8. Compounds containing bismuth in the +5 oxidation state tend to be _ and compounds containing bismuth in the +3 oxidation state tend to be _ (A) ionic, ionic (B) ionic, molecular (C) molecular, molecular (D) molecular, ionic (E) none of these

9. One mole of an ideal gas at 25 ℃ is expanded isothermally from 5.0 L to 10.0 L under such conditions that no work is produced in the surroundings. Which statement is correct? (A) = 0 (B) = RIn2/298 (C) = 0 (D) = 0 (E) =

10. Which of the following is true? (A) as long as the disorder of the surroundings is increasing, a process will be spontaneous (B) for any process, have opposite signs (C) , the process is at equilibrium (D) ΔΗ° is zero for a chemical reaction at constant temperature (E) none of these

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