13 Which of the following terms is used by British sociologist Alan Bryman (2004) for criticizing the global commercial transformation of commodities or environments into something excessively simplified, tightly controlled, and heavily reliant on emotional labor?
(A) McDonaldization.
(B) Fordism.
(C) Disneyization.
(D) Starbuckization.

1 Which of the following is among the five countries that coordinated the evacuation operation of the Jewish Ukrainians? (A) Austria. (B) Hungary. (C) Poland. (D) Czech Republic.

2 Which of the following countries led the way of proposing the principle of “cultural exception,” asserting that culture is not a commodity and, therefore, should not be included as a category of free trade in the GATT Uruguay Round of trade negotiation before WTO was formed? (A) Denmark. (B) South Korea. (C) Italy. (D) France.

3 The world renowned communication scholar Harold Lasswell argued that there are three key factors to winning a modern war. In addition to staging a war and blocking the economy, which of the following is the other one? (A) Propagandizing. (B) Bluffing. (C) Threatening. (D) Colonizing.

4 News about Taiwan seldom made international headlines, yet Taiwan’s “salmon chaos” and “Taroko train derailment” in 2021 have received intensive coverage by the foreign press. Which of the following terminologies of international communication best captures the circumstance? (A) Unbalanced news flow. (B) News value. (C) News image. (D) News framing.

5 Which of the following concepts was proposed by Japanese scholar Koichi Iwabuchi to modify the theoretical perspectives of cultural proximity? (A) Cultural hybridity. (B) Becoming culturally proximate. (C) Cultural discount. (D) Cultural resonance.

6 British sociologist Anthony Giddens argued that globalization is one of the outcomes of modernity, and he proposed four highly interrelated dimensions of globalization. Which of the following is NOT included? (A) World military order. (B) International division of labor. (C) Social relations governance. (D) Nation-state system.

7 Which of the following statements about public diplomacy is NOT correct? (A) The goal of long-term public diplomacy is to increase support in the international community to achieve the success of singular political advocacy. (B) For the government, one of the goals of public diplomacy is that its foreign policy wins support from its people. (C) When public diplomacy is promoted, being labeled as propaganda should be avoided at all costs so that negative impressions would not happen. (D) The main argument of American public diplomacy during the Cold War was to convince the European people that the American system of democracy and capitalism is superior to the Soviet political system.

8 In the era of digital convergence, social media platforms contribute to effective international communication. Which of the following statements is NOT correct regarding Australian government’s request for platform operators to pay for journalism? (A) Australia has passed “Platform Fairness Payment Bill.” The bill mandates that digital platform operators such as Facebook and Google should remunerate journalism for the contents they produced. (B) Google and major Australian media companies have reached a cooperation agreement on payment. (C) Facebook once blocked Australian users from viewing or sharing Australian news contents on the platform, including those from outside the country. (D) During the time when Facebook blocked Australian news, non-news pages run by government agencies and charity organizations were also blocked by mistake.

9 How did Al Jazeera enter the US TV market when it was officially launched in 2013? (A) By becoming a cable system operator. (B) By acquiring an existing US cable channel. (C) By setting up a satellite channel. (D) By providing live streaming over the Internet.

10 Which of the following incidents led to the establishment of the Independent Media Center (IMC) aiming to facilitate an international digital platform for citizen journalism? (A) The Seattle WTO protests in 1999. (B) The Jasmine Revolution in 2011. (C) The protests against the IMF in Washington DC in 2005. (D) The Yellow Vests Movement in France in 2018.

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