14. Noise caused by random fluctuation of electrons in an electronic device is
(A) white noise.
(B) Johnson noise.
(C) Gaussian noise.
(D) drift noise.
(E) line noise.

1. For types of error, which of the following statements are TRUE?(1) Systematic error is a consistent error that can be detected and corrected.(2) Random error can be eliminated by improved technique.(3) A key feature of systematic error is that it is reproducible.(4) Systematic error can be detected by using the same method to measure the same quantity.(5) Analyze a known sample to see if you obtain known result can detect systematic eror. Your answer: (A) (2), (4) and (5)； (B) (1), (2) and (3)； (C) (1), (3) and (5)； (D) (2) and (S)； (E) The statements are all true.

2. The end point for the Fajans titration is indicated by the (A) reduction of a colored indicator at the end point. (B) adsorption of a colored indicator on the precipitate at the end point. (C) deprotonation of a colored acid-base indicator at the end point. (D) fornation of a soluble, colored complex at the end point. (E) protonation of a soluble, colored complex at the end point.

3. Which of the following statements about the activity coefficient is NOT TRUE? (A) The activity coefficient decreases as ionic strength increases. (B) The activity corrections are more significant for ions with higher charge. (C) Activity coefficients approach zero when the ionic strength approaches zero. (D) The smaller the ionic size, the larger the deviation from the concentration becomes. (E) The activity of a neutral molecule is assumed to equal its concentration.

4. Which of the following statements are NOT TRUE regarding the properties of a buffer solution? (1) A buffer is a mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base. (2) A buffer resists pH changes when acids or bases are added. (3) The maximum capacity of the buffer is at pH = pKa. (4) The pH of a buffer is independent on the solution ionic strength and temperature. (5) A buffer made from a diprotic acid should not be treated in the same way as a buffer made from a monoprotic acid. Your answer: (A) (2), (4) and (5)； (B) (1), (2) and (3)； (C) (1),(3) and (4)； (D) (4) and (5)； (E) The statements are all true. 

5. Which statements are TRUE about the titration of a weak base B. with a strong acid?(1) At the equivalence point, the pH is calculated using the acid dissociation reaction of the conjugate acid, BH+.(2) Past the equivalence point, the excess strong acid determines the pH.(3) Before strong acid is added, the solution contains just the conjugate acid, BH+.(4) Between the initial point and the equivalence point, the solution contains a mixture of B and BH+.(5) The pH at the equivalence point is more than 7.0. Your answer: (A) (2), (4) and (5)； (B) (1), (2) and (3)； (C) (1),(3) and (4)； (D) (1), (4) and (5)； (E) The statements are all true.

6. EDTA titrations of metal ions are pH sensitive. Which statements are TRUE?(1) At low pH, the amount of EDTA in the form Y4- decreases.(2) As the pH is lowered, the end point becomes less distinct.(3). Metals with higher formation constants cannot be titrated at lower pH.(4) All metal ions require alkaline titration conditions.(5) At higher pH values, the metal hydroxide might precipitate. Your answer: (A) (1), (2) and (5)； (B) (2) and (4)； (C) (2),(3) and (4)； (D) (1), (2) and (4)； (E) The statements are all true.

7. Two compounds were separated using gas chromatography. The retention times were 628and 642 s, and the widths at half-height were 8.3 and 9.4 s, correspondingly. Find the resolution for  these two compounds, and are the two peaks well Wav resolved? (A) 1.6, yes； (B)0.93, no； (C)0.93, yes； (D) 7.5, yes； (E) 3.8,yes

8. In reversed-phase chromatography, which of the following statements are TRUE? (1) a polar stationary phase and a less polar mobile phase are used.(2) a nonpolar or weakly polar stationary phase and a more polar mobile phase are used.(3) a less polar mobile phase is a stronger mobile phase.(4) increasing the polarity of the mobile phase increasing the elution time of the less polar analyte(5) the least polar component is eluted first because it is the most soluble in the mobile phaseYour answer: (A) (2), (3) and (4)； (B) (1), (3) and (4)； (C) (2) and (4)； (D)(3) and (5)； (E) (2), (4) and (5). 

9. Which statements regarding mass analyzers are NOT TRUE?(1) In the time-of-flight mass analyzer, lighter ions travel more quickly than heavier ions.(2) The Orbitrap analyzer is a high-resolution mass analyzer that require a magnetic field.(3) In the quadrupole mass analyzer, an electric field deflects ions in complex trajectories as they migrate toward the detector.(4) The high-resolution FT-ICR analyzer does not require a magnetic field.(5) In the linear quadrupole ion trap, manipulating voltages allows ions of a specific mlz to be expelled from the ion trap. Your answer: (A) (1) and (3)； (B) (1), (2) and (3)； (C) (1) and (4)； (D) (2) and (4)； (E) (2), (3) and (5).

10. The electrospray mass spectrum of an unknown protein consists of a series of clusters of peaks arising from intact molecular ions with different charge. One cluster has peaks at m/z 961.63, 961.83, 962.02 (tallest peak), 962.22, 962.41 Da. These peaks correspond to isotopic ions differing by 1 Da. From the observed peak separation, find the charge of the ions in this cluster, and from m/z of the tallest peak, estimate the molecular weight (MW) of the protein. (A) +1； 962.5 Da； (B) +2； 1924.0 Da； (C) +33 2886.1 Da； (D) +4；3848.1 Da, (E) +5； 4810.1 Da

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