17. Shuttle vectors have the property that they:
(A) contain promoters for the expression of the gene.
(B) have origins of replication for two different cell types, usually bacteria and yeast.
(C) are capable of incorporating very large DNA fragments.
(D) contain more than one antibiotic resistant gene.
(E) None of the above.

13. Which of the following statements regarding citric acid cycle or glyoxylate cycle is false?  1. One round of citric acid cycle can generate 10 ATP. 2. The catabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, and fatty acids all feed into the citric acid cycle at one or more points.  3. The 2nd step of glyoxylate cycle uses malate synthase to convert 2 glyoxylate to I malate molecule.  4. Glyoxylate cycle takes place in glyox ysomes during plant cells are performing photosynthesis. (A) 1 and 2 are false. (B) 3 and 4 are false. (C) 2 and 3 are false. (D) 2 and 4 are false. (E) None of above is false.

14. NADH,_______ and__________ are products of glycolysis, and the NADH must be recycled to ________before it becomes limiting in glycolysis. (A) ATP; pyruvate; NAD+ (B) NAD+; ATP; pyruvate (C) ATP; NAD+; ATP (D) ATP; pyruvate; lactate (E) None are true.

15. The endoplasmic reticulum bound enzyme that hydrolyzes glucose-6-phosphate to glucose in liver is: (A) glucokinase. (B) glucose oxidase. (C) hexokinase. (D) phosphoglucomutase. (E) glucose-6-phosphatase.

16. If both NADPH and ribose-5-P are needed in the cells which of the following best represents the net reaction of the pentose phosphate pathway? (A) 4 Fruc-6-P +2 glyceraldehyde-3-P →6 ribose-5-P (B) 3 Gluc-6-P +6 NADP+ →6 NADPH + 3 CO2 + 2 Fruc-6-P + 1 glyceraldehyde-3-P + 6 H+ (C) Gluc-6-P + 2 NADP+ +2 H2O → 2 NADPH + CO2 + ribose-5-P +2 H+ (D) Gluc-6-P + 12 NADP+ +6 H2O →12 NADPH +. 6 CO2 + 12 H+ + Pi (E) None of the above.

18. All ypes of aminotransferase (also known as transaminase) rely on which of the following cofactorlcoenzyme? (A) Pyridoxal phosphate (B) FAD (C) NADH (D) Thiamine pyrophosphate (E) Biotin

19. Which two amino acids are important for ammonia assimilation(吸收) by an organism? (B) Glu and Asp (A) Glu and Gln (C) Gln and Asn (D) Lys and Trp (E) Lys and Arg

20. Which compound serves as the methy! group donor for biological methylation reactions? (A) Methyl acetate (B) Methy-tetrahydrofolate (C) S-Adenosylmethionine (D) Methanesulfonic acid (E) Methylephedrine

21. Allopurinol is a drug used to treated chronic gout(痛風) because it inhibits_______.(A) ureate oxidase (B) adenosuccinase (C) adenosine deaminase (D) xanthine oxidase (E) guanine deaminase

22. Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I deficiency is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder that causes __________to accumulate in the blood. (A) bicarbonate (B) ammonium (C)ADP (D) phosphate (E) CO2

23. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is used to treat cancers. It is a mechanism-based inhibitor of _________.(A) ribonucleotide reductase (B) thymidylate synthase (C) adenylosuccinate lyase (D) GMP synthetase (E) xanthine oxidase