18. Which of the following statements concerning the detection of Random error are INCORRECT?
(A) Random error is also called an indeterminate error.
(B) Random error has a Gaussian normal distribution.
(C) Random error is always present in a measurement.
(D) Random error can be reduced by decreasing the number of measurements

14. The rate constant for the reaction of at 575 K and 716 K. Estimate the value of Ea from these data. (Assuming the Ea and pre- exponential factor are temperature independent) (A)185 (B) 158 (C) 116 (D) 161 

15. In statistical thermodynamics, which kind of molecular motion has greatest contribution to the entropy? (A) Rotation (B) Vibration (C)Translation (D)electronic transition

16. If we compare two means from two samples, which test do we use? (A) t-test (B) F-test (C) Q-test (D) R-test

17. Which of the following statements are INCORRECT? (A) 100 ppb (B) The number 1.2500 x 104has five significant figures. (C)0.02(±0.02)+0.01(±0.02)-0.02(±0.03)=0.01(±0.04) (D) Molality is the number of moles of a substance per liter of solution.

19. The calibration curve equation for quantifying standard was I = 51.00 x [ ] + 1.00, where I is the intensity and the   concentration is in micromole/L. The reagent blank, measured by three repeated experiments, gave a value of 0.30± 0.04. What is the detection limit for Cu2t based on a signal-to-noise ratio of 2? (A) 1.56 nM. (B) 1.35 nM. (C) 2.56 nM. (D) 2.35 nM.

複選題20. Which of the following statements concerning titration are INCORRECT? (A) The pH at the midpoint, the point halfway on the titration curve to the equivalence point, is equal to the pKa of the weak acid. (B) The pKa values of a diprotic acid H2A are= 8.00. At pH 9.00, the major species are(C) The equivalent volume for titrating 50.00 mL of a solution (0.05 M in iodide ions and 0.08 M in chloride ions) with 0.1 M silver nitrate is 60 mL. (D) In EDTA titration, ammonia often is required to prevent the precipitation of metal ions.

複選題21. Which of the following statements concerning voltammetry are INCORRECT? (A) The working electrode carries out the electrochemical even of interest. (B) The progressive scanning of carbon electrodes is extended to more negative potentials than platinum or gold electrodes. (C) A sharp peak profile for each species is observed in differential pulse voltammetry (D) A charging current results from redox reactions at the working electrode and the auxiliary electrodes.

複選題22. Which of the following statements concerning capillary electrophoresis are INCORRECT? (A) Micellar electrokinetic chromatography is based on the addition to the buffer solution of a micellar "pseudo-stationary" phase. (B) Capillary zone electrophoresis allows uncharged analytes to be separated. (C) The intrinsically low flow-rate of capillary electrophoresis is advantageous to connect with electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. (D) The electroosmotic flow remains almost constant with an increase in electric field strength.

23. Which of the following statements concerning surface spectroscopic methods are INCORRECT? (A) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is useful to identify the elemental composition of the sample and determine its valance state. (B) The elemental hydrogen in the sample can be detected by X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy. (C) The process of Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) includes atomic ionization, electron emission, and analysis of the emitted Auger electrons (D) In X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy, detection limits for most of the elements are in the parts per thousand range.

24. Which of the following statements concerning inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and inductively coupled plasma-mass-spectrometry (ICP-MS) are INCORRECT? (A) ICP-OES can be used to analyze isotopes of elements (B) ICP-MS is more sensitive than ICP-OES (C) The steps associated with ICP-MS analysis of the samples include introduction-atomizing, ionization, mass separation, and detection (D) ICP-OES and ICP-MS both provide high throughput multi-element analysis.