18. ________ money refers to something that is used as money but is otherwise worthless and typically has the backing of the government or a central bank.
(A)Commodity
(B)Fiat
(C)Representative
(D)Federal

14. Consider two economies: A and B. The nominal interest rate is the same in both economies, but the rate of inflation is higher in economy B. Which of the following statements will then be true? (A)The real interest rate will be higher in economy A. (B)The real interest rate will be higher in economy B. (C)The real interest rate will be the same in both economies. (D)The number of borrowers in both economies will depend on whether the real interest rate is higher in economy A or economy B.

15. Which of the following economic variables is affected when the central bank adopts a countercyclical monetary policy? (A)Government spending (B)Transfer payments (C)Tax rates (D)Interest rates  

16. A country's labor demand curve shifted to the right after the adoption of a new technology. This implies that the use of the new technology ________, assuming all else equal. (A)increased the marginal product of labor (B)reduced the marginal product of labor (C)increased the minimum wage that firms need to pay (D)lowered the minimum wage that firms need to pay

17. On a graph with real GDP growth on the x-axis and the unemployment rate on the y-axis, you plot each year's values for the United States as a separate point. What does the overall trend in this graph look like? (A)An upward-sloping line (B)A vertical line (C)A horizontal line (D)A downward-sloping line

19. The real interest rate is equal to ________. (A)the nominal interest rate adjusted for tax rates (B)the nominal interest rate adjusted for inflation (C)the nominal interest rate adjusted for income changes (D)the nominal interest rate adjusted for changes in exchange rate

20. A decrease in the value of the domestic currency in terms of the foreign currency means that ________. (A)the domestic currency has appreciated and the nominal exchange rate has risen (B)the domestic currency has depreciated and the nominal exchange rate has risen (C)the foreign currency has appreciated and the nominal exchange rate has fallen (D)the foreign currency has depreciated and the nominal exchange rate has fallen 

1. Taylor 科學管理理論包括三部分，下列何者不屬該理論的一部份？ (A) 分析時間與動作間相關性 (B) 以獎勵為誘因的薪酬制度 (C) 改變原有的組織朝功能化的模式修正 (D) 將權威區分為不同等級層次

2. 動機理論中，Douglas McGregor 依據對人性的看法，認為員工天生不喜歡工 作的是下列哪一種理論？ (A) M 理論 (B) X 理論 (C) Y 理論 (D) Z 理論

3. Michael Porter 曾提出五種競爭力分析模式，下列何者不屬之？ (A) 現存機構間的競爭程度 (B) 替代品威脅 (C) 供應商的議價能力 (D) 購買者的數量

4. 關於霍桑效應的敘述，下列何者正確？ (A) 環境差異會顯著影響員工生產力 (B) 主管對員工的關心才是影響員工生產力的關鍵因素 (C) 員工彼此間的行為與情緒是無關的 (D) 增加薪水會顯著提升員工生產力