19 The Paris Agreement under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change aims to limit the increase of global temperature to the extent no more than 2 degrees Celsius. Which year is approximately the base year for the said long-term temperature goal?
(A) The year of 1750.
(B) The year of 1900.
(C) The year of 1945.
(D) The year of 2000.

1 Which of the following is NOT correct in terms of treaty interpretation, according to the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties? (A) A treaty shall be interpreted in good faith. (B) A treaty shall be interpreted in accordance with the special meaning to be given to the treaty's terms in their context and in the light of its object and purpose. (C) A treaty's preamble and annexes are included in the context for interpretation purposes. (D) The context for the purpose of interpreting a treaty shall include any treaty-related agreement reached by all parties in conjunction with the treaty's conclusion.

2 Under the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT) of 1969, which of the following statements is NOT correct? (A) Under Article 26 of VCLT, every treaty in force is binding upon the parties to it and must be performed by them in good faith. (B) Under Article 27 of VCLT, when the domestic jurisdiction principle is applicable, a party to a treaty may invoke the provisions of its internal law as justification for its failure to perform a treaty. (C) Under Article 28 of VCLT, unless a different intention appears from the treaty or is otherwise established, its provisions do not bind a party in relation to any act or fact which took place or any situation which ceased to exist before the date of the entry into force of the treaty with respect to that party. (D) Under Article 29 of VCLT, unless a different intention appears from the treaty or is otherwise established, a treaty is binding upon each party in respect of its entire territory.

3 Which of the following statements concerning the subjects of international law is correct? (A) Inter-governmental organizations have become the most important subjects of international law. (B) All kinds of non-self-governing territories are not the subjects of international law. (C) Individuals are not subjects of international law in any case. (D) National Liberation Movements may be subjects of international law.

4 Which of the followings is NOT a regional human rights court already established under various regional human rights treaties? (A) European Court of Human Rights. (B) Inter-American Court of Human Rights. (C) African Court on Human and People's Rights. (D) Asian Court of Human Rights.

5 According to Article 38(1) of the Statute of the International Court of Justice, judicial decisions are subsidiary means for the determination of rules of law. Which of the following statements is correct? (A) The decisions of the International Court of Justice have a universal binding force on all States. (B) The judicial decisions as provided under Article 38(1) of the Statute of the International Court of Justice refer to the decisions made by international dispute settlement mechanism. (C) The judicial decisions as provided under Article 38(1) of the Statute of the International Court of Justice also include those decisions made by the domestic courts. (D) The judicial decisions as provided under Article 38(1) of the Statute of the International Court of Justice refer to the decisions of the International Court of Justice.

6 Under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, the vessels enjoy different levels of navigation rights in various types of maritime zones. Which of the followings is correct? (A) The right of transit passage through territorial seas. (B) The right of archipelagic sea lanes passage through the exclusive economic zones of the archipelagic States. (C) The right of innocent passage through the contiguous zones. (D) The freedom of navigation through the exclusive economic zones.

7 According to Article 27 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, “the criminal jurisdiction of the coastal State should not be exercised on board a foreign ship passing through the territorial sea to arrest any person or to conduct any investigation in connection with any crime committed on board the ship during its passage.” Which of the following cases is NOT listed as one of the exceptions to the above provision? (A) In the case that the consequences of the crime extend to the coastal State. (B) In the case that the crime is of a kind to disturb the peace of the country or the good order of the territorial sea. (C) In the case that the domestic court of coastal State has issued an order to initiate the investigation or proceed the trial. (D) In the case that such measures are necessary for the suppression of illicit traffic in narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances.

8 According to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, which of the following statements regarding the regime of islands is NOT correct? (A) An island is a naturally formed area of land, surrounded by water, which is above water at low tide. (B) An island could have its exclusive economic zone. (C) Artificial islands do not possess the status of islands. (D) Rocks which cannot sustain human habitation or economic life of their own shall have no exclusive economic zone.

9 Which of the followings is NOT one of the basic principles may be applied by a State to exercise jurisdiction under international law? (A) The concurrent jurisdiction principle. (B) The territorial principle. (C) The protective principle. (D) The passive nationality principle.

10 According to the Draft Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts, which of the followings is NOT considered a way to preclude the wrongfulness of conduct that would otherwise not be in conformity with the international obligations of the State concerned? (A) Self-defense. (B) The conduct of a person empowered to exercise elements of the governmental authority, if he or she contravenes instructions. (C) Necessity (D) Force majeure.

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