2. Which of the following is the acceptable statement about postoperative pain?
(A) form of acute pain due to the surgical trauma with an inflammatory reaction.
(B) May initiate an afferent neuronal barrage.
(C) May become chronic in some patients.
(D) Associated with autonomic, endocrine-metabolic, physiological and behavioral responses.
(E) All of the above statements.

複選題8. 有關汽車臨時停車之規定，下列敘述何者正確？(A)消防栓及消防車出入口 20 公尺內不得臨時停車(B)人行道、行人穿越道、圓環、橋樑等處，不得臨時停車(C)道路交通標誌前不得臨時停車(D)不得併排臨時停車

複選題9. 有下列情形之一者，應設置警告標誌，請選出正確答案 (A)風景區 (B)道路施工路段 (C)急彎路段 (D)險坡路段。

複選題10. 大型車輛行駛高、快速公路，下列何者不得使用翻修輪胎？(A)遊覽車(B)大貨車非轉向軸之車輪(C)經主管機關核准經營國道客運路線營業車輛(D)砂石車轉向軸之車輪

1. Which of the following statement regarding opioids is wrong: (A) Opioids inhibit voltage-dependent calcium channels. (B) Opioids attenuate excitability of terminals or neurons. (C) Opioid receptors are located postsynaptically on interneurons. (D) Opioid cause antinociception by decreased activity in inhibitory descending controls. (E) Important supraspinal sites opioid actions are the periaqueductal grey and the rostroventral medulla.

3. Which of the following indication for sympathetic blocks is wrong: (A) Stellate ganglion block for head and neck. (B) Stellate ganglion and 1st and 2nd thoracic ganglia blocks for upper limb. (C) Greater and lesser splanchnic nerve blocks for visceral pain from upper abdomen. (D) Ganglion impar block for visceral pain from descending colon and pelvic organs. (E) Lumbar sympathetic ganglia blocks for lower extremities.

4. Which of the following statements about transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is right: (A) Adverse effect includes transient increases in pain and muscle twitching. (B) TENS safe for infant during delivery can be applied over or anywhere near the pregnant uterus. (C) Cardiac pacemakers with fixed frequencies may malfunction by TENS. (D) Stimulating post part of neck may be dangerous, due to induce spasms the intrinsic muscle of larynx. (E) Skin redness under electrodes after TENS was not reported.

5. Following right anterolateral cordotomy, which symptom is not related to procedure? (A) Left side leg weakness (B) Respiratory dysfunction (C) Left side dysesthetic pain (D) Ataxia (E) Bladder dysfunction

6. Following statements about anticonvulsants in neuropathic pain is wrong: (A) Carbamazepine provides satisfactory pain control in trigeminal neuralgia (B) Tolerability is better with oxcarbazepine compared with carbamazepine (C) Lamotrigine reduces pain intensity in HIV neuropathy (D) Gabapentin directly modifies sodium channel currents (E) Gabapentin improves postherpetic neuralgia.

7. Which of the following statement concerning the cause of cancer pain is least likely? (A) Vanilloid receptor TRPV1 is expressed in most nociceptors, it detects heat and extracellular protons. (B) In order to detect noxious mechanical stimuli, nociceptors express mechanically gated channels that initiate a signally cascade upon excessive stretch. (C) Low pH can activate acid-sensing ion channel-3 (ASIC-3). (D) Tumour cells can release protons and produce local acidosis. (E) TRPV1 is activated when the pH rise above 6.0.

8. Which of the following statement concerning the treatment of cancer pain is least likely? (A) Obeying the principles of the analgesic ladder approach, 71% of patients will achieve good pain relief without further intervention. (B) Oral morphine remains the drug of choice according to the analgesic ladder of the WHO. (C) The most common use of radiotherapy is for metastases abdominal pain. (D) The patient with advanced cancer is in the dynamic state with changing pathology. (E) About 60% of patients who receive radiotherapy will achieve at least 50% pain relief.