20. To speed up chemical reaction, an enzyme usually reduces the activation energy by...
(A) binding tightly to substrate
(B) binding weakly to substrate
(C) binding tightly to transition state
(D) binding tightly to prosthetic group
(E) binding weakly to product

1. Osmosis is movement of a: (A) charged solute molecule (ion) across a membrane. (B) gas molecule across a membrane. (C) nonpolar solute molecule across a membrane. (D) polar solute molecule across a membrane. (E) water molecule across a membrane.

2. The uncommon amino acid selenocysteine has an R group with the structure -CH2-SeH ( ≈ 5). In an aqueous solution, pH = 7.0, selenocysteine would: (A) be a fully ionized zwitterion with no net charge. (B) be found in proteins as d-selenocysteine. (C) never be found in a protein. (D) be nonionic. (E) not be optically active.

3. In a mixture of the five proteins listed below, which should elute second in size-exclusion (gel- filtration) chromatography? (A) cytochrome c Mr = 13,000 (B) immunoglobulin G Mr = 145,000 (C) ribonuclease A Mr = 13,700 (D) RNA polymerase Mr = 450,000 (E) serum albumin Mr = 68,500

4. The PCR reaction mixture does not include: (A) all four deoxynucleoside triphosphates. (B) DNA containing the sequence to be amplified. (C) DNA ligase. (D) heat-stable DNA polymerase. (E) oligonucleotide primer(s).

5. A husband and wife are in the process of getting a divorce. Daring child-support hearings, the husband states that he should not pay child support as he feels that the child was actually fathered by one of the woman's various lovers. DNA restriction analysis was performed, with the results illustrated in the diagram below. The DNA of the husband in this case can be found in lane 3, whereas that of the suspected father is in lane 4. Based on this information, (A) the husband is definitely the child's father. (B) the husband is definitely not the child's father. (C) either man could be the father, and more tests are needed to discern paternity. (D) neither man in question is the child's biological father. (E) none of the above.

6. The DNA sequence of a coding strand is (5') CGCTATAGCGTTT(3'). Please select the following RNA transcript that corresponds to the above DNA. (A) (5')AAACGCUAUAGCG(3') (B) (5')CGCUAUAGCGUUU(3') (C) (5')UUUGCGAUAUCGC(3') (D) (5')GCGAUAUCGCAAA(3')

7. Please select the following RNA which is synthesized by DNA-dependent RNA polymerase I in eukaryotes. (A) 18S rRNA (B) microRNA (C) mRNA (D) tRNA (E) small nuclear RNA U1

8. Please select the following enzyme that does not possess reverse transcriptase activity. (A) Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) polymerase (B) Human telomerase (C) Influenza virus polymerase (D) Hepatitis B virus polymerase

9. Please select the following codon for aspartic acid (Asp) that corresponds to the tRNA anticodon (5')GUC(3'). (A) (5')GUC(3') (B) (5')CAG(3') (C) (5')GAU(3') (D) (5')CUG(3')

10. Please select the following statement that is not correct for enhancers in eukaryotic transcription. (A) Work when located long distances from the promoter (B) Work when upstream or downstream (C) Work when orientation in one direction (D) Work through heterologous promoters (E) Work by binding one or more proteins

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