試題詳解

22. Which of the following statements about oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes is INCORRECT?
(A) Oncogenes are typically derived from proto-oncogenes through activating mutations, which lead to a gain of function and promote uncontrolled cell proliferation.
(B) Tumor suppressor genes usually require both alleles to be inactivated by mutations or deletions to lose their function, a concept described by the "two-hit hypothesis."
(C) Mutations in oncogenes are often dominant, while mutations in tumor suppressor genes are typically recessive.
(D) Oncogenes are involved in processes such as apoptosis and DNA repair, whereas tumor suppressor genes primarily regulate growth and cell division.
(E) The p53 protein, a tumor suppressor, plays a key role in the DNA damage response by inducing cell cycle arrest or apoptosis.