25. In peas, a gene controls flower color such that R = purple and r = white. In an isolated pea patch, there are 36 purple-flowering plants and 64 white-flowering plants. Assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the value of q for this population?
(A)0.25
(B)0.36
(C)0.64
(D)0.80

21. The reason for using Taq polymerase for PCR is that (A)only minute amounts are needed for each cycle of PCR. (B)it binds more readily than other polymerases to primer. (C) it is heat stable and can withstand the high temperature of PCR. (D)it can use RNA as template to synthesize DNA.  

22. Why might the cricket genome have 11 times more base pairs than that of fruit fly? (A)The two insect species evolved at very different geologic eras. (B)Fruit flies are more complex organisms. (C) Crickets must make many more proteins. (D)Crickets must have more noncoding DNA.

23. What characteristic of short tandem repeat DNA makes it useful for DNA fingerprinting? (A)The number of repeats varies widely from individual to individual. (B)The sequence of repeats varies widely from individual to individual. (C) The sequence variation is acted upon differently by natural selection in different environments. (D)Every racial group has inherited different short tandem repeats.

24. What is the correct sequence of the following events, under the influence of natural selection? 1. Well-adapted individuals leave more offspring than do poorly adapted individuals.  2. Genetic variation is present in a population.  3. Genetic frequencies within the population change. 4. A change occurs in the environment. (A)4 → 1 → 3 → 2(B)4 → 3 → 1 → 2(C)2 → 1 → 4 → 3(D)2 → 4 → 3 → 1(E)2 → 4 → 1 → 3

26. The recessive allele that causes phenylketonuria (PKU) is harmful. What maintains the presence of this harmful allele in a population's gene pool? (A)heterozygote advantage(B)diploidy(C)stabilizing selection(D)balancing selection

27. Which eukaryotic kingdom is polyphyletic, and therefore unacceptable, based on cladistics? (A)Monera(B)Protista(C)Plantae(D)Fungi(E)Animalia

28. The chloroplasts of all of the following are thought to be derived from ancestral red algae, except those of (A)golden algae(B)diatoms(C)dinoflagellates(D)green algae(E)brown algae

29. Plastids that are surrounded by more than two membranes are evidence of (A)origin of the plastids from cyanobacteria (B)fusion of plastids (C) evolution from mitochondria (D)secondary endosymbiosis (E)budding of the plastids from the nuclear envelope

30. The following are all adaptations to life on land except (A)cuticles(B)tracheids(C)seeds(D)reduced gametophyte generation(E)rings of cellulose-synthesizing complexes 

31. How have fruits contributed to the success of angiosperms? (A)by nourishing the plants that make them (B)by attracting insects to the pollen inside (C) by facilitating dispersal of seeds (D)by producing triploid cells via double fertilization (E)by producing sperm and eggs inside a protective coat