28. A patient suffered from chronic low back pain with radiating to anteromedial thigh and anterior knee. Muscle weakness was observed in the quadriceps and iliopsoas. Which lumbosacral root compression is the most likely?
(A) L2 root compression
(B) L3 root compression
(C) L4 root compression
(D) L5 root compression
(E) S1 root compression

24. Which of the following is the unacceptable statement about Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS)? (A) It is very likely that an affective disorder is one of the causes of FMS. (B) There is evidence to suggest that FMS is a disorder of abnormal processing of sensory information within the central nervous system, (C) Several neurochemical mediators of pain (substance P, nerve growth factor, dynorphin A, glutamate, nitric oxide, serotonin and noradrenaline) are believed to play a role in the pathogenesis of FMS. (D) There is still no cure for FMS, so its management is non-specific, multimodal, expectant and symptomatic. (E) The use of opioids in patients with FMS is controversial.

25. Based on clinical experience, which level radicular pain is often associated with chronic headache and involved mainly the neck and upper shoulder? (A) C2 (B) C3 (C) C4 (D) C5 (E) C6

26. 下列有關 Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS)的敘述何者不正確? (A) 骨折後,發展成為CRPSI的incidence約為1-2%。 (B) 女性比男性更容易發生CRPS。 (C) CRPS type II 病患其通常進展為具有非對稱性遠端肢體疼痛及腫脹但並沒有神經損傷。 (D) CRPS 病患有相當高比例,同時罹患憂鬱症及焦慮症。然而目前並沒有證據顯示 CRPS 是種心因性問題。 (E) CRPSI病人在半邊身體或患肢同側上方發展為 hypoaesthesia 及 hypoalgesia

27. A patient had pain over the neck, medial scapula, anterior chest, medial aspect of arm and forearm. Hormer's syndrome was also noted. Which root compression is the most likely? (A) C5 root compression (B) C6 root compression (C) C7 root compression (D) C8 root compression (E) T1 root compression

29. Which prevalence of central pain among the following disorders is the highest? (A) Multiple sclerosis (B) Stroke (C) Epilepsy (D) Parkinson's disease (E) Syringomyelia

30. Based on published monotherapy clinical trials, which one has negative results for treating postherpetic neuralgia? (A) Amitriptyline (B) Gabapentin (C) Oxycodone (D) Carbamezepine (E) Topical lidocaine patch

複選題31. Which one of the following statements is appropriate? (A) channel activation is responsible for the repolarization of cardiac excitable cells. (B) receptor is a voltage-gated channel. (C) channel activation is involved in the initiation of action potential of neurons. (D) The resting membrane potential of most excitable cells is around 70 mV.

32. Descending inhibitory pathways typically involve which of the following neurochemical mechanisms EXCEPT? (A) Noradrenergic (B) Cholinergic (C) Enkephalinergic (D) Serotonergic

33. Which of the following statements concerning nociception is FALSE? (A) Overstimulation of pressure receptors results in the sensation of pain. (B) Nociceptors may be exteroceptors. (C) The sense organs for pain are free nerve endings. (D) Peripheral afferent pain fibers send projections to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.

34. The stellate ganglion: (A) receives fibers whose cell bodies are located primarily at the C4-C7 levels of the spinal cord (B) is primarily a parasympathetic ganglion (C) may be blocked with little danger of complications (D) lies at the level of high cervical vertebra (E) is a fusion of the inferior cervical and upper thoracic ganglia