28. How many ATPs are spent synthesizing glucose from pyruvate in gluconeogenesis?
(A) 2
(B) 4
(C) 6
(D) 8

1. Chymotrypsin is a proteolytic enzyme acting in the digestive systems of many organisms. Which amino acid is NOT contained in the catalytic triad in chymotrypsin? (A) Lys (B) Ser (C) His (D) Asp

2. Which attribute of biological membrane is NOT correct? (A) Membranes consist mainly of lipids and proteins. (B) The constituent protein and lipid molecules are held together by covalent bond in the membrane. (C) Membranes are asymmetric. (D) Membranes are fluid structures.

3. Which molecule below is the key regulator of membrane fluidity in animals? (A) Glycolipids (B) Fatty acid (C) Integral membrane proteins (D) Cholesterol

4. Which description is NOT correct? (A) A nucleic acid consists of four kinds of bases linked to a sugar–phosphate backbone. (B) A pair of nucleic acid strands with complementary sequences can form a double-helical structure. (C) DNA is a structurally rigid molecule that only exist in a specific helical form. (D) Double-stranded DNA can wrap around itself to form a supercoiled structure.

5. Which of the following force does NOT exist in the quaternary structure of the protein? (A) Electrostatic interaction (B) Van der Waals force (C) H-bonds (D) Disulfide bond

6. What kind of protein secondary structure is silk (fibroin) made of? (A) α-helix (B) β-sheet (C) β-turns (D) Random coils

7. What type of inhibitor does penicillin belong to? (A) Competitive inhibition (B) Uncompetitive inhibition (C) Noncompetitive inhibition (D) Irreversible inhibitors

複選題8. Which enzyme reactions do NOT obey Michaelis–Menten kinetics? (A) Ping-pong reactions (B) Sequential reactions (C) Allosteric regulations (D) Double-displacement reactions

9. Which of the following is least likely to cross a cellular membrane without transporters or channels? (A) Inorganic ions (B) Larger uncharged polar molecules (C) Small uncharged polar molecules (D) Small nonpolar molecules

10. Which description is NOT correct? (A) Cyclic AMP stimulates the phosphorylation of many target proteins by activating protein kinase A. (B) Natrium ion is a widely used second messenger. (C) Activated G proteins transmit signals by binding to other proteins. (D) G proteins spontaneously reset themselves through GTP hydrolysis.

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