28. In 1776 Thomas Paine’s popular and influential pamphlet Common Sense _______ the American colonists to declare their independence from English rule.
(A) urged
(B) to urge
(C) to be urged
(D) that urged

這題是考句子結構

先把句子拆解成看的懂的樣子

In 1776 Thomas Paine's popular and influential pamphlet Common Sense … the American colonists to declare their independence from English rule.

1. In 1776 ：介系詞片語作時間副詞用，不影響句子結構
2. Thomas Paine's popular and influential pamphlet Common Sense 為主詞S
3. the American colonists 為受詞O，代表人
4. to declare their independence from English rule 為名語子句減化後的不定詞片語，作為受詞O，代表事

所以原句的結構為「S + V + O(人) + O(事)」的句型，配合時間點在過去，答案選過去式的動詞(A) 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  減化後的名語子句還原：

urged the American colonists to declare their independence from English rule.

因不定詞的to為語氣助動詞的弱化，所以可以還原成名詞子句

urged the American colonists that they should declare their independence from English rule.

(D)選項要改成 urged that，而且後面的to也要還原成should或must