29. When a segment of DNA duplicates, causing two or more copies of a gene to be present in the chromosome, the most unlikely fate of the duplicate(s) would be
(A) to lose function in subsequent mutation.
(B) to become part of a gene family.
(C) to gain a new function in subsequent mutation.
(D) to become a pseudogene.
(E) to improve function in subsequent mutation. DNA repair.

複選題25.0kazaki fragments are (A) short DNA pieces that explain how DNA is synthesized on the lagging strand. (B) short DNA pieces that are only found in prokaryotes. (C) short DNA pieces that are ligated by ligase to form continuous DNA strands. (D) the remnants of the original strands that are dispersed in the new double stranded DNA molecules. (E) RNA primers used for DNA replication.

複選題26. The ability of DNA to denature is important for which process? (A) DNA synthesis (B) Nucleic acid hybridization experiments (C) RNA synthesis (D) PCR reaction (E) DNA separation by agarose gel electrophoresis

複選題27.Which of the following statements is/are TURE about DNA repair and proofreading? (A) DNA repair mechanisms usually require an endonuclease to nick the duplex, so the repair enzymes can access to the end of a DNA strand. (B) Since DNA Polymerase II has endonuclease activity, it is able to proofread its product when it is used in (C) The newly synthesized strand of DNA lacks methylated bases and other modifications allow repair enzymes to distinguish in correct bases in DNA (D) The proofreading of DNA is especially good because "the identity of each base pair is checked after the enzyme moves on to the next base pair." (E) Nucleotide excision has an intermediate where in a region of single stranded DNA is temporarily created.

複選題28. Which one of the following statements comparing the human and mouse genomes is/are FALSE? (A) Human and mouse have about the same number of genes. (B) The human genome shares 99% of its genes with the mouse. (C) A comparison of genomes confirms that mouse and humans shared a common ancestor more recently than humans and pufferfish. (D) Mitochondrial DNA is paternally inherited in both human and mouse. (E) Little rearrangement of genes has occurred in the two genomes.

複選題30.Here are two pieces of DNA, one with an adenine plus thymine content of 40%, and the other with a cytosine plus guanine content of 50%. If both are heated under the same experimental conditions, which of the following statement(s) about Tm of these DNAs is/are CORRECT? (A) The DNA with 40% adenine plus thymine will have the higher Tm. (B) The DNA with 50% adenine plus thymine will have the lower Tm. (C) The DNA with 50% cytosine plus guanine will have the higher Tm. (D) Their Tm's will be the same. (E) There's no way to predict for this information.

31.A class of mutations that results in multiple contiguous (side-by-side) amino acid changes in proteins is/are probably caused by which the following types of mutations? (A) recombinant (B) base analog (C) transversion (D) frameshift (E) transition

複選題32.Which of the following transcription factors is/are utilized by all threc eukaryotic RNA polymerases? (A) TFIID (B) TBP (C) DNA helicase (D) THIIIC (E) THIIF

複選題33. Which of following statements concerning RNA transcription is/are TRUE? (A) The DNA strands become separated during synthesis. (B) Synthesis of RNA is a very accurate process. (C) The template strand is read in the 3' -→＞ 5' direction. (D) Transcription requires the use of a primer. (E) DNA to RNA base pairing includes A to U and G to C.

複選題34. Which of the following statements about prokaryotic transcription is/are TRUE? (A) The enzyme principally responsible for RNA synthesis in E. coli is a multisubunit enzyme. (B) The first nucleotide incorporated into the RNA chain retains its 5'-triphosphate. (C) The sigma (σ) subunit stays with the RNA Polymerase throughout synthesis. (D) X Inverted-re peat sequences in the DA being transcribed can lead to termination (E) The end ofthe new mRNA molecule in E. coli usually terminates in a string of A's.

35.Which of the following statements about the various RNA Polymerases in eukaryotes is/are FALSE? (A) Permanent RNAs, such as tRNA and rRNA use different RNA Polymerases. (B) The different RNA Polymerases share some subunits. (C) Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases are generally monomeric. (D) The RNA Polymerase for mRNA is designated RNA Pol Il. (E) Binding of TBP to the DNA is a key step in the activation of mRNA synthesis in eukaryotes.