31.
(A) no control
(B) an efficient manager
(C) a big role
(D) advertisements

1. _______________ The majority of superstitions about crows and ravens suggest that these birds bring bad luck. People should beware when they see such birds. Maybe these birds have bad reputations because they are scavengers. Because these birds often accompany scenes of terrible events, like battles, people connect the birds with misfortune. There is even an old wives’ tale that says when a single crow flies over your head, death is in the near future! (A) We should beware of crows flying over our heads. (B) Old wives’ tales are all superstitions. (C) Some people are inclined to believe certain animals can bring bad luck with them. (D) Some people suggest wiping out all crows and ravens because they bring nothing but bad luck.

2. _______________ Supply is the amount of a product or service that is available for people to buy or use. Demand is people’s desire or need for a product or service. The term “supply and demand” means the balance between the amount for sale and the amount that people want or need. Recent stories in the news offer two unusual examples of how “supply and demand” functions in the changing world of international business. (A) “Supply and demand” is a term that we often use when we talk about business. (B) There are a number of stories about supply and demand. (C) Real businessmen seldom talk about supply and demand. (D) In the changing world of international business, supply and demand are usually decided by politicians.

3. _______________ Some restorations are moderate, the statue of David being a case in point. After the accumulated streaks and grime were removed, he was revealed to the public. Only experts could notice that the dirty irregularities were no longer there. But some restorations are more dramatic. The Michelangelo’s work in the Sistine Chapel resulted in a noticeable difference. Although some critics maintain that the frescoes are now less authentic, most think the restoration was for the better. (A) People sometimes disagree about restoring historical treasures. (B) As works of art age and collect dust, they need to be restored from time to time. (C) Michelangelo was considered one of the greatest sculptors in the Renaissance. (D) The appearance of the statue of David changed after restoration.

4. _______________ First, the person can communicate directly, without someone else to translate or explain. Second, people are usually more open in their communication with someone who speaks their language. Third, an understanding of the language allows the person to notice the implied meaning and other information that is not said directly. Finally, language helps the person to understand the culture better. (A) There are four ways to do international business, and learning the local language is the most useful among all. (B) A knowledge of international business can help us communicate with others in four ways. (C) There are four ways to learn a foreign language, and the most effective one is to learn it with an international businessperson. (D) A knowledge of the local language can help an international businessperson in four ways.

5. _______________ In both places, academic success depends on being a responsible student. This means attending class regularly, doing your homework, and studying new materials carefully. The social situation in college is also like that in high school. If you have friends in high school, chances are you will have friends in college, too. The activities in college also closely resemble the activities in high school. Musical groups, sports teams, special interest clubs, and other activities are found in both institutions. High school graduates really don’t need to be nervous about attending college. (A) The social situation in college is only a little different from that in high school. (B) There are some important similarities between college and high school. (C) Being successful in high school does not mean you can stay in college without making too much effort. (D) The extracurricular activities in colleges are more colorful than those in high schools.

6. _______________ First of all, Costa Rica has an excellent system of national parks where visitors can observe nature. For example, in Tortuguero National Park, visitors can watch sea turtles come ashore to lay their eggs in nests in the sand. Then they can come back several months later to see the new babies crawl down to the sea. Second, Costa Rica has many beautiful beaches. For instance, the beaches at Manuel Antonio National Park are among the most beautiful in the world, and the beaches on Canoa and Cocos Island offer perfect conditions for snorkeling and scuba diving. Indeed, Costa Rica is a wonderful place to go if you love the outdoors. (A) This is a brief introduction to Costa Rica’s two national parks. (B) Observing wildlife at close range is the major attraction of Costa Rica’s national parks. (C) There are two reasons to make Costa Rica a great place for vacation. (D) Costa Rica is a paradise for scuba divers.

7. _______________ That is, avoid those who have bad habits, such as stealing, lying, smoking, drinking, or drug using. Since friends often share things in common, if we make friends with such people, we may be tempted into doing the same things that they do. We may end up becoming thieves, liars, smokers, alcoholics, or drug addicts. As a result, our life may be ruined. (A) We must find friends who can share things together with us. (B) We must find friends who are not drug addicts. (C) In choosing friends, we should remain ignorant of their bad habits. (D) In choosing friends, we should obey a fundamental principle.

8. _______________ He brought a set of different sizes of wood blocks to class. The students were astonished to see him throw the blocks randomly at the wall. He then took the same blocks and again threw them at the wall. This time, however, he threw them in a special order. The students quickly recognized the children’s tune “Mary Had a Little Lamb.” “So,” the teacher asked them, “what is music?” The answer is that it’s organized noise. (A) A music teacher intended to show the students how to tell music from noise. (B) A music teacher enjoyed playing different sizes of wood blocks with his students. (C) A music teacher wanted to try a different way to teach his students how to play wood blocks. (D) A music teacher wanted to try an unusual way to teach his students to sing “Mary Had a Little Lamb.”

9. _______________ They advise parents to give kids four years old or younger a weekly allowance. Experts suggest parents give preschool children two or three dollars a week and then add a dollar at every birthday. This might seem like a large amount of money for a child that young. However, experts say that if parents want their children to understand how to budget money, it’s not. Even preschool children can learn the value of money. (A) Money management experts think that parents should help children save their pocket money. (B) Money management experts think that children need to learn about money at an early age. (C) Money management experts think that the best birthday present for children is money. (D) Money management experts think that parents do not listen to their advice about giving children a generous allowance.

10. _______________ First of all, Ted is always ready to have fun. Sometimes we play Frisbee in the park. Sometimes we just sit around in my room, listening to music and talking. Well, I talk. Ted just listens. Second, he is completely trustworthy. I can tell Ted my deepest secrets, and he doesn’t share them with anyone else. Third, Ted understands my moods. When I am angry, he tries to make me feel better. When I am sad, he tries to comfort me. When I am happy, he is happy too. To sum up, my best friend is fun to be with, trustworthy, and understanding—even if he is just a dog. (A) Ted works as a vet at a local animal hospital. (B) My best friend, Ted, knows a lot about popular music. (C) Ted tries to stay away from me when I am angry. (D) My best friend, Ted, has three important qualities.

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