31. A test is valid if it measures what it is intended to measure. A test is reliable if it is consistent. Therefore, a test may be consistent even though it does not measure what it is intended to measure.
The writer's primary purpose in this passage is to
(A) contribute to recent research in testing validity and reliability.
(B) question whether we should use the terms valid and reliable to describe tests.
(C) insist that all tests must be both valid and reliable.
(D) explain the difference between validity and reliability.

27. Apparently threaten by several crimes in his neighboring area, John hired two more watchmen.(A) threaten(B) crimes in his neighboring area(C)hired(D) watchmen

28. Despite of all the snow in the valley, the cabin remained warm.(A) Despite of(B) in the valley(C) remained(D)warm

29. The committee for local development asked that the highway is built alongside the railway.(A) for local development(B)asked(C)is built(D)alongside

30. Symptoms of Internet addiction includes a constant desire to get online, and feelings of restlessness or irritability when not online.(A)Symptoms of Internet addiction(B)includes a constant desire(C) get online(D) feelings of restlessness or irritability

32. Forty years ago, most TV programs were shown in black and white. These days, the brightly colored clothes that most of us wear signal that the medium has changed.The writer implies which of the following in the above passage?(A) Forty years ago, people wore only black and white clothes.(B) Most people no longer will tolerate black and white TV.(C) There is only a slight relationship between our self-image and the images we see on TV.(D) Color TV is significantly responsible for our preference for brightly colored clothes.

33. A boy who steals pens is conforming quite often to the norms of his peer group but not to the norms of the adult community that sets the laws. However, when he grows up and enters the adult community, he will conform to adult laws.Which of the following is an unstated assumption by the writer of these two sentences?(A) Unlawful behavior is practiced only by youths.(B) Adults do not need to steal pens.(C) Conformity becomes irrelevant when one grows up.(D) Adults should not be trusted with establishing laws.

34. The interpretations we make of the reactions of others are not always accurate, so we may have a more positive or negative self-image than is warranted by the actual opinions of others toward us.Which is the writer's point in the above passage?(A) We always see ourselves just as others see us.(B) Others often form no opinion of our self-image.(C) We do not always see ourselves as others see us.(D) After learning what the others think, we will be less likely to be ourselves.

35. Peer pressure affects the members of a group to a marked degree, sometimes assuming dictatorial powers over the individual. For example, various studies have shown that brilliant students will actually work below the capacity when academic performance is devalued in their peer group.The passage supports which of the following statements?(A) Students surveyed reported that they were only slightly influenced by what their classmates thought of them.(B) One student who liked and respected his teacher ridiculed her whenever the other students did likewise.(C) Although the majority of students in a class decided to go on a picnic, a number of their peers did not do so.(D) Often, one student has tried to tell all of the other students what to think and believe.

36. Education can function to aid an individual in his or her personal development. Attendance in college, for instance, can lead to an appreciation of “culture" in its more limited sense, such as a love for music, art, and literature. Also, education has been found to alter a person's values and attitudes, to increase tolerance toward minorities, raise political interest, and produce a greater concern for civil liberties.If the writer had written "education does function" instead of "education can function," we could characterize the tone as which of the following?(A) absolute(B) indecisive(C) intolerant(D) humorous

37. Simple lack of money is not the main reason for nonattendance at college, since a few studies show that even when assistance is made available through government benefits, persons from lower-class backgrounds tend not to take advantage of existing opportunities.The point of this passage might be summarized as follows:(A) Those who wish to attend college need more money.(B) Factors other than affordability may cause a person not to attend college.(C) More people are attending college without paying for it.(D) There are no existing opportunities for poor people to enjoy higher education.