36. According to _____, bilingual children’s attainment of a threshold level of competence in a second language constrains the engagement of the higher mental cognitive operations of L1 skills, strategies, and prior knowledge in L2 learning.
(A) Steven Pinker
(B) Jim Cummins
(C) Charles Curran
(D) James Asher

16. Brown studied fourteen morphemes which are obligatory in English. Which one of the followings is correct? (A) The prepositions “on” and “in” are developed in a very early stage. (B) The first grammatical morpheme to develop is the plural /s/. (C) The irregular, third-person singular present tense is developed prior to the irregular past tense of verbs. (D) The articles “a” and “the” are developed in the last stage.

17. The study of production and perception of speech sounds is _____. (A) coarticulation effects (B) bound morphemes (C) structural analysis (D) articulatory phonetics

18. People from the southern states of the US might say, “How’r y’ll?” instead of “How are you all?” This is an example of _____. (A) accent (B) pidgin (C) dialect (D) filler

19. Encoding is a process to _____. (A) understand the different elements of spoken and written languages (B) assemble words and sentences to create a coherent and meaningful work (C) put a sequence of characters (letters, numbers…) into a specialized format (D) get learners to provide information rather than giving it to them

20. Which of the following underlined expressions is a cataphor? (A) Look at that! (B) After he arrived home, John was tired. (C) Mike felt relieved after he passed the test. (D) Sally won the prize.

21. Which of the following is NOT a correct description about English word formation processes? (A) NASA is an acronym. (B) The form lab for laboratory involves clipping. (C) The plural formation feet from foot is an example of conversion. (D) Scarecrow is an exocentric compound.

22. Which word contains an alveolar fricative and a back vowel in the stressed syllable? (A) preclude (B) console (C) evolve (D) descent

23. When people interact with each other, they either try to make their speech similar to that of their addressee in order to emphasize social cohesiveness or to make it different in order to emphasize their social distinctiveness. The concept is illustrated in _____. (A) accommodation theory (B) markedness theory (C) multidimensional model (D) parameter resetting

24. Which of the following is NOT compatible with the Nativist Approach to language acquisition? (A) The human mind is equipped with innate capacity for learning language. (B) Nativist’s view about language acquisition is based on generative linguistics. (C) The child’s language at any stage is systematic in that the child develops fewer and fewer incorrect structures. (D) The faculty embodied in the so-called LAD is the primary determinant of language acquisition.

25. Which word has a low, back, unrounded, and lax vowel? (A) beat (B) caught (C) cot (D) cut

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