36. What is the main idea of the passage?
(A) Advocacy for banning smartphone use in schools due to academic concerns.
(B) Challenges in enforcing existing rules on phone use in schools.
(C) Increased funding for technological advancements in schools.
(D) Opposition to phone-free school initiatives due to concerns about autonomy and communication.

Questions 36~40 are based on the following reading. 

 American educators and lawmakers are increasingly advocating for the complete prohibition of smartphone use by students in schools, driven by concerns about the detrimental effects of smartphonerelated distractions on academic performance.    (1)     ■Despite existing regulations in many U.S. schools aimed at curbing phone use during instructional time, educators struggle with enforcement due to the pervasive nature of smartphone distractions. Students often engage in activities like messaging, gaming, social media browsing, and online shopping, which disrupt classroom dynamics and detract from learning.

    (2)     ■This sentiment is echoed by leaders and policymakers in several states, who advocate for either outright bans or the implementation of stricter measures to control smartphone use in educational settings. Some educators, like science teacher James Granger from Los Angeles, have proactively taken steps to address the issue by implementing policies requiring students to surrender their cellphones during class time.       (3)    ■

While momentum builds for the adoption of phone-free school environments, opposition emerges from various stakeholders, including students, parents, and some educators. Critics argue that such measures could impinge on students' autonomy and limit their ability to communicate during emergencies. Advocates for phone-free schools, such as Kim Whitman, emphasize the need for flexibility in policies to accommodate students with special educational and medical needs, highlighting the importance of a balanced approach to addressing smartphone usage in schools.     (4)    ■ 

Adapted from https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/us-educators-increasingly-urge-total-phone-bans-in-schools/7508214.html

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