38 What does the underlined term “desistance phenomenon” refer to?
(A) The rise of criminality in the mid-teens.
(B) The rise of criminality after the mid-teens.
(C) The decline of crime rate in the mid-teens.
(D) The decline of crime rate after the mid-teens.

It has long been noticed by experts on juvenile delinquency（尤指年輕人的）不良行為，違法行為 that after the mid-teens, the crime rate declines（逐漸）減少.

The question is: What causes the decline to occur? Now, there are a number of explanations解釋；說明 for the aging-out超齡 or desistance停止, 断念 phenomenon.

Many researches point out that the aging-out process is a function of the natural history of the human life cycle.

Adolescent criminality coincides with符合 the emergence of major sources of reinforcement加強 for delinquent（尤指年輕人的）不良行為，違法行為 behavior: money, sex, and peers同輩；同儕 who defy違抗 conventional傳統的；常規 morality道德體系，道德觀.

At the same time, the child is becoming more independent of parents and other adults who enforce conventional傳統的；常規的 standards.

The new sense of energy and strength, coupled with a lack of economic and social skills and relationships with peers who are similarly vigorous充滿活力的；有力量的；精力旺盛 and frustrated灰心的，氣餒, creates the conditions needed for a rise in criminality.

Why does the crime rate then decline? Studies indicate表明；顯示 that small gains from petty crime lose their power to reinforce criminal behavior as a child matures and develops legitimate合法的，正當的 sources of money, sex, alcohol, and status.

As adults, former delinquents（通常指年輕的）違法者；不良青少年 develop increasingly powerful ties to依靠, 依賴 conventional傳統的；常規的 society, not the least of which is the acquisition獲得 of a family.

Adult peers further更進一步地 make crime an unattractive choice by expressing opinions in opposition反對 to risk taking and law violation (“you’re acting childishly”).

Along with同…一道 this sense of maturity comes the ability to delay gratification滿足 and forgo放棄，摒絕 the immediate立即的，立刻的 gains that law violation brings.

What does the underlined term “desistance停止, 断念 phenomenon” refer to?