4. DNA repair mechanisms are able to distinguish newly synthesized DNA strands from older strands because
(A) New strands are methylated while old strands are not
(B) New strands do not contain cytosine bases
(C) Old strands are methylated while new strands are not
(D) Old strands do not contain cytosine bases

1. The significance of the plasma membrane is that: (A) It prevents movement of molecules out of the organism (B) It selectively allows some molecules to pass into the organism (C) It is the site of protein synthesis (D) All of the above

2. The mitochondria is the site of: (A) Lipid synthesis (B) DNA replication (C) Protein synthesis (D) Energy production

3. Which of the followings is the best evidence for the lock and key theory of enzyme action? (A) All isolated enzymes have been identified as proteins (B) Compounds similar in structure to the substrate inhibit enzyme activity (C) Enzymes are found in living organisms and speed up certain reactions (D) Enzymes speed up reactions by definite amounts

5. The advantage to using DNA polymerases from thermophilic organisms in PCR is: (A) The DNA polymerases of these bacteria can withstand the high temperatures needed to denature the DNA strands (B) The DNA polymerases of these bacteria never make mistakes while replicating DNA (C) The DNA polymerases of these bacteria are much faster than those from other organisms (D) The DNA polymerases of these bacteria are unstable

6. Which of the following solutions can be used to denature double-stranded DNA? (A) 1X PBS (B) 0.5N NaOH (C) 1X TAE (D) 1% Triton X-100

7. Which of the following sequences can be detected in any mature mRNA? (A) exon (B) intron (C) nls (nuclear localization sequence) (D) promoter

8. How many protein bands are expected when you run a purified monoclonal antibody with a SDS-PAGE gel and stain with Coomasie brilliant blue? (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

9. Which of the followings is the most proper technique to determine the immature cell populations in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia? (A) Hemagglutination (B) ELISA (C) Flow cytometry (D) Western blotting

10. Which of the following shoulds be free from bacteria in a healthy individual? (A) Nose (B) Skin (C) Mouth (D) Cerebrospinal fluid

12. Lysozyme and the antibiotic penicillin have similar mechanisms which causing damage to the bacterial (A) Chromosome DNA (B) Ribosome (C) Cell wall (D) Cell membrane

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