40
(A) instructions
(B) friendships
(C) facts
(D)data

36 (A) studying (B) exploring (C) describing (D) investigating

37 (A) need (B)shall (C) must (D) can

38 (A) generous (B) independent (C) similar (D) distant

39 (A) and (B) but (C) or (D)so

41.No one knows for sure when advertising first started. it is possible that it grows out of the discovery that some people did certain kinds of work better than others did them . That led the conception of specialization, which means that people would specialize.or focus on doing one special job. Let’s take a man we’ll call Mr. Fielder, for example, he did everything connected with farming. He planted seeds, tended the fields and harvest and sold his crops. At the same time, he did many other jobs on the farm. However, he didn’t make the bricks for his house, cut his rrees into boards, make the plows, or ant of the other hundreds of things a farm needs. Instead, he got them from people who specialized in doing each of those of things. Suppose there was another man we shall call Mr. Plowright. Using what he knew about farming and working with iron, Mr. Plowright, invented a plow that made farming easier. Mr. Plowright did not really like farming himself and wanted to specialize in really good plows. Perhaps, he thought, other farmers will trade what they grow for one of my plows. How did Mr. Plowright let people know what he was doing? Why, he advertised, of course. First, he opened a shop and then he put up a sign outside the shop to attract customers. That sign may have no more than a plow carved into a piece of wood and a simple arrow pointed to the shop door. It was probably all the information people needed to find Mr. Plowright and his really good plows. Many historians believe that the first outdoor signs were used about five thousand years ago. Even before most people could read, they understood such signs. Shopkeepers would carve into stone, clay or wood symbols for the products they had for sale. A medium in advertising talk is the way you communicate your message. You might sat the first medium used in advertising was signs with symbols. The second medium was audio, or sound although that term isn’t used exactly the way we used today. Originally just human voice and maybe some simple instruments, such as a bell, were used to get people’s attention. A crier, in a historical sense, isn’t someone who seeped easily. It is someone, probably a man with a voice loud enough to be heard over the other noises of a city. In ancient Egypt, shopkeepers may hire such a person to spread the news about their products. Often these earliest forms of advertising involved a newly arrived ship loaded with goods. Perhaps the crier describes the goods, explained where they came from and praised their quality. His job was, in other words, not too different from a TV or radio commercial in today’s world. what probably led the start of advertising? (A) the discovery of iron (B) the specialization of labor (C)the appearance of new jobs (D) the development of farm techniques

42. to advertise his plow, Mr. Plowright (A) praised his plows in public (B)placed a sign outside the shop (C)hung an arrow pointing to the shop (D)showed his products to the customers

43. the writer makes up the two stories of Mr. .Fielder and Mr. Plowright in order to (A) explain the origin of advertising (B)predict the future of advertising (C)expose the problem in advertising (D) provide suggestions for advertising

44. in ancient Egypt was a crier was probably someone who (A) owned a ship (B) had the loudest voice (C) ran a shop selling goods to farmers (D) functioned like today’s TV or commercial

45. the last two paragraphs are mainly about (A) the history of advertising (B) the benefits of advertising (C) the early forms of advertising (D) the basic design of advertising

46. Below is a selection from a popular science book. If blood is red ,why are verns(静脉)blue? Actually, veins are not blue at all. They are more of a clear, yellowish color. Although blood looks red when it’s outside the body, when it’s sitting in a vein near the surface of the skin, it’s more of a dark reddish purple color. At the right depth, these blood-filled veins reflect less red light than the surrounding skin, making them look blue by comparison. Which works harder, your heart or your brain? That kind of depends on whether you’re busy thinking or busy exercising. Your heart works up to three times harder during exercise, and shifts enough blood over a lifetime to fill a supertanker. But ,in the long run, your brain probably tips it, because even when you ‘re sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart, and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it . Why do teeth fall out, and why don’t they grow back in grown-ups? Baby (or “milk ”) teeth do not last long ; they fall out to make room for bigger, stronger adult teeth later on. Adult teeth fall out when they become damaged, decayed and infected by bacteria. Once this second set of teeth has grown in, you’re done. When they’re gone, they’re gone. This is because nature figures you’re set for life, and what controls regrowth of your teeth switches off. Do old people shrink as they age? Yes and no. Many people do get shorter as they age. But, when they do, it isn’t because they’re shrinking all over. They simply lose height as their spine(嵴柱) becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effects of gravity(重力) . Many (but not all) men and women do lose height as they get older. Men lose an average of 3-4 cm in height as they age, while women may lose 5cm or more. If you live to be 200 years old, would you keep shrinking till you were, like 60 cm tall, like a little boy again? No, because old people don’t really shrink! It is not that they are growing backwards --their legs. arms and backbones getting shorter. When they do get shorter, it’s because the spine has shortened a little. Or, more often, become more bent and curved. Why does spinning make you dizzy(眩晕的)？ Because your brain gets confused between what you’re seeing and what you’re feeling. The brain senses that you’re spinning using special gravity-and motion-sensing organs in your inner ear, which work together with your eyes to keep your vision and balance stable. But, when you suddenly stop spinning the system goes out of control, and your brain thinks you’re moving while you’re not! Where do feelings and emotions come from? Mostly from an ancient part of the brain called the limbic system. All mammals have this brain area --from mice to dogs, cats, and humans. So all mammals feel basic emotions like fear, pain and pleasure. But since human feelings also involve other, newer bits of the brain, we feel more complex emotions than any other animal on the planet If exercise wears you out, how can it be good for you? Because our bodies adapt to everything we do to them. And as far as your body is concerned, it’s “use it, or lose it”! It’s not that exercise makes you healthy; it’s more that a lack of exercise leaves your body weak and easily affected by disease. When is the colour of blood in a vein near the surface of the skin? (A) Blue. (B) Light yellow. (C) Red (D) Dark reddish purple.