40 According to the passage, why has the female not automatically lost the game of chicken before the moment of conception?
(A)The male does not invest as little as we may think.
(B)The female does not invest as little as we may think.
(C)The female does not invest as much as we may think.
(D)Neither of the male and the female invests as much as we think.

36 The purpose of the underlined word "hormones" is to point out (A)chemical signals that are common among insects (B)specific responses of various species to chemical signals (C)similarities between two chemical substances (D)how insects produce different chemical substances

37 The underlined word "sedentary" is closest in meaning to (A)inactive(B)inefficient(C)untouchable(D)unbalanced

38 Based on the premise that “we are much more reluctant to walk away from an ongoing enterprise in which we have invested a lot than from one in which we have invested only a little,” which one of the following is the easiest to do? (A)To burn the first chapter of your PhD dissertation draft after having worked on it for a few weeks (B)To rewrite the body of your PhD dissertation draft after having spent two whole years on it (C)To find another dissertation supervisor after having worked with your original supervisor for three years (D)To change your dissertation topic after working on it for one year and having finished three chapters

39 Which of the following statements is true? (A)When mating, the male invests much less than the female in total. (B)When mating, the total investment of the male is roughly the same as that of the female. (C)When mating, the female contributes much more than the male in total. (D)When mating, the male contributes much more than the female in total.

1. Many critics have charged that the CIA's covert activities have been immoral and hypocritical. (A) emergent (B) traumatic (C) virile (D) congenial (E) secret

2. Scientists speculate that the greatest impact on the increasing global temperature of the earth is caused by humans. (A) digress (B) contemplate (C) detract (D) squander (E) dissent

3. The Labor Union representatives asked the Mayor to endorse their strike by signing a letter of support. (A) comply (B) undermine (C) approve (D) isolate (E) encompass

4. I am a skeptic about the 12-year compulsory education plan; I need some more proof that it can work. (A) pessimist (B) optimist (C) disbeliever (D) romanticist (E) realist

5. Carbon is converted into diamonds under extreme pressure. (A) banished (B) waned (C) astonished (D) clung (E) transformed B. Please choose the best answer to complete each sentence.

6. Lady Gaga’s rise to fame was quite _____－in just a few years, she was a household name. (A) challenging (B) enabling (C) imaginary (D) modern (E) phenomenal