42. Descending inhibitory pathways typically involve which of the following neurochemical mechanisms EXCEPT?
(A) Noradrenergic
(B) Enkephalinergic
(C) Serotonergic
(D) Cholinergic

38. Which of the following statement concerning pain assessment is least likely: (A) Strong test-retest reliability coefficients do not exist for the MiGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) PRIs. (B) Rheumatoid arthritis showed a stable pattern of MPQ scores over a 6-year period. (C) MPQ has excellent distinction power between sensory and affective dimensons (D) MPQ is sensitive to interventions designed to reduce pain (E) MPQ can provide an aid in the differential diagnosis between various pain syndromes

39. Examination of a patient with neck and shoulder pain reveals referred pain in the lateral aspect of the forearm, with weakness and dysfunction of the biceps and brachioradialis, and hypoesthesia in the lateral aspect of the forearm and thumb. The patient most likely has a lesion of which nerve root? (A)C4 (B) C5 (C) C6 (D) C7

40. Indications for lumbar epidural steroid injections include all of the following, EXCEPT? (A) Radicular pain with corresponding sensory change (B) Radiculopathy due to herniated disc with failed conservative treatment (C) Acute herpes zoster in the lumbar dermatomes (D) Posterlaminectomy (failed back) syndrome without radiculopathy

41. For which of the following types of pain are antiepileptic drugs most commonly used？ (A)Acute pain (B) Cancer pain (C)Chronic pain syndrome (D)Neuropathic pain (E) Nociceptive pain

43. A parturitient of heroin abuse history ask for painless labor, which one is improper? (A) Meperidine (B) Continuous epidural analgesia (C) Nitrous oxide (D) Butorphanol (E) Intrathecal morphine

44. Which of the following statements regarding corticosteroid use is NOT true? (A) 30-50% of patients on chronic oral corticosteroid therapy suffer from osteoporotic fractures. (B) Corticosteroid users are at increased risk of NSAID-related GI bleeding. (C) Corticosteroid use can be associated with weight gain, hypertension and hyperglycemia. (D) Osteoporosis is only a concern in patients who have been on corticosteroids for over 12 months.

複選題45. Which of the following statements concerning the difference between phenol and alcohol when used in neurolytic blocks is/are FALSE? (A) Phenol takes 15 minutes for neurolysis whereas alcohol’s neurolytic effect is immediate. (B) Phenol usually does not produce pain on injection. (C) Intrathecal alcohol is hypobaric, whereas phenol is hyperbaric. (D) Phenol is approximately twice as efficacious as alcohol.

46. Which of the following statements regarding morphine is true? (A) Its metabolite, morphine-3-glucuronide, is a potent analgesic. (B) In patients with renal failure, morphine-3-glucuronide may be accumulated and induce stronger analgesic effects. (C) Morphine is absolutely contraindicated in non-cancer pain management. (D) The constipation induced by morphine treatment can be reversed by naloxone

47. A patient suffered from chronic low back pain with radiating to buttock, poster lateral thigh and lateral aspect of lower leg. Muscle weakness was observed in the extensor hallucis longus and tibialis anterior. Which lumbosacral root compression is the most likely？ (A) L2 root compression (B) L3 root compression (C) L4 root compression (D) L5 root compression (E) S1 root compression

48. About the following CT-guided intervention, which indication is NOT proper? (A) Sympathetically maintained pain (B) Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (C) Chronic pancreatitis (D) Raynaud syndrome (E) Failed back surgery syndrome.