43. What did the researchers base their latest findings on?
(A) A new study centering on five world oceans.
(B) Existing studies on noise in the world’s oceans.
(C) Data collected by citizen scientists around the world.
(D) A yearlong research trip to major world oceans.

39. (A) where (B) how (C) when (D) What

40. (A) As well (B) As long as (C) As soon as (D) Along with

41. What is one way sounds can help fish and other sea animals survive? (A) They can help some animals avoid their hunters. (B) They can lead sea animals to warmer waters. (C) They can warn of incoming severe weather events. (D) They can guide animals through new travel paths.

42. How is the term “masking” explained in the story? (A) It is caused when pollutants enter the ocean and block the path of sea life. (B) It happens when all sound is blocked out of a particular part of the ocean. (C) It is a method scientists are testing to block human-caused ocean noise. (D) It happens when noise blocks sounds important to an animal’s existence.

44. How did Francis Juanes say about sound pollution compared to other ocean threats? (A) Other ocean threats are increasing much faster than sound pollution. (B) Other ocean threats are much easier to deal with than sound pollution. (C) Sound pollution may be easier to deal with than other ocean threats. (D) Sound pollution is much more severe than other threats to the ocean.

45. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned in affecting physical processes that shape ocean sounds? (A) Melting ice. (B) Waves. (C) Wind. (D) Tides.

46. What was a main finding about sleep patterns of people during a full moon? (A) People sleep earlier and sleep for shorter periods of time. (B) People sleep later and usually do not stay asleep at night. (C) People go to sleep later and sleep for shorter periods of time. (D) People go to sleep later and sleep for longer periods of time.

47. When did the research find people had the latest bedtimes and the shortest amount of sleep? (A) Three to five days after a full moon. (B) Three to five days before a full moon. (C) During the last five days of a full moon. (D) Five days before the 29.5-day moon cycle.

48. What did the study find about the effect of electricity on the test subjects? (A) Sleep changes happened whether test subjects had access to electricity or not. (B) Sleep changes were only observed in test subjects who had no access to electricity. (C) More sleep changes happened to test subjects living in more populated areas. (D) Fewer sleep changes were observed in test subjects who had no access to electricity.

49. What could be another possible cause for changes in sleep patterns? (A) The change from one season to the next. (B) Extreme changes in climate conditions. (C) The amount of noise throughout the day. (D) Biological differences in individuals.