44. What is this passage mainly about?
(A) The food network in nature.
(B) The construction of orb webs.
(C) The network of geometrical studies.
(D) The environmental challenges for spider webs.

40. What is the main idea of this passage? (A) The success of animal experiments should be ensured. (B) Ban on the use of animals in the lab should be enforced. (C) Greater efforts need to be taken to reduce the number of lab animals. (D) Scientists should be required to share their research results with each other.

41. Which of the following statements is true about animals used in the lab? (A) America uses only about 1.1 million lab animals per year. (B) Europe does not use mice and rats as lab animals at all. (C) Britain does not use as many lab animals as China does. (D) Japan has limited data on the number of lab animals used each year.

42. Which of the following is mentioned as an alternative to replace animal experiments? (A) Statistical studies. (B) Computer models. (C) DNA planted in animals. (D) Tissue from dead animals.

43. What usually happens to unsuccessful animal experiments? (A) They are not revealed to the public. (B) They are made into teaching materials. (C) They are collected for future publication. (D) They are not removed from the research topic list.

45. What does the word “so” in the first paragraph refer to? (A) To catch and keep small creatures. (B) To find a good material for the web. (C) To observe the behavior patterns of spiders. (D) To present a fantastic architecture by animals.

46. Which part of the web is used for supporting the web itself ? (A) The center of the web. (B) The glue on the lines. (C) The anchor threads. (D) The capture spiral.

47. According to the passage, which statement is true about the silk threads? (A) They are all sticky and extendable. (B) They are usually strong enough to last for a day. (C) They remove harmful chemicals from insects. (D) They are made of rare plants in the environment.

48. In which country did the modern practice of granting doctoral degrees start? (A) France. (B) Germany. (C) Canada. (D) The U.S.

49. Which of the following words is closest in meaning to “churned out” in the second paragraph? (A) Failed. (B) Warned. (C) Demanded. (D) Produced.

50. Which of the following may be inferred from the third paragraph? (A) PhD graduates in Austria are not encouraged to work outside university. (B) Most German PhDs work at permanent jobs immediately after graduation. (C) It is much easier for American PhD holders to find a teaching position than a research job. (D) It is more difficult for PhDs to get a permanent job five years after graduation in Slovakia than in Spain.